An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere

By D. Drob, J. Emmert, J. Meriwether, J. Makela, Eelco Doornbos, M. Conde, G. Hernández, J. Noto, K. Zawdie, S. McDonald and 2 more. 2015

638 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The Horizontal Wind Model (HWM) has been updated in the thermosphere with new observations and formulation changes. These new data are ground‐based 630 nm Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI) measurements in the equatorial and polar regions, as well as cross‐track winds from the Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite. The GOCE wind observations provide valuable wind data in the twilight regions. The ground‐based FPI measurements fill latitudinal data gaps in the prior observational database. Construction of this reference model also provides the opportunity to compare these new measurements. The resulting update (HWM14) provides an improved time‐dependent, observationally based, global empirical specification of the upper atmospheric general circulation patterns and migrating tides. In basic agreement with existing accepted theoretical knowledge of the thermosphere general circulation, additional calculations indicate that the empirical wind specifications are self‐consistent with climatological ionosphere plasma distribution and electric field patterns.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e926e5c2ebfd84bb6b1ece0b28d365d4413012ca

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. J. Emmert
2. Joseph Picone
3. L. P. Goncharenko
4. M. Mlynczak
5. R. Akmaev
6. Jeff Forbes
7. Libo Liu
8. Liying Qian

In Molecular Biology

1. L. P. Goncharenko
2. J. Emmert

Citations in the corpus

• NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole‐Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities (2020, methodology): “Input arguments to empirical atmospheric models typically include geographic location, day of year, time of day, and external drivers such as solar and geomagnetic activity (e.g., Bruinsma, 2015; Drob et al., 2015; Hedin, 1987; Oberheide et al., 2011).”