Inventory and Bioindicator Sampling: Testing Pitfall and Winkler Methods with Ants in a South African Savanna

By C. Parr, Steven L. Chown. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2001

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Neotropical savanna ants show a reversed latitudinal gradient of species richness, with climatic drivers reflecting the forest origin of the fauna (2018, methodology): “Ants were sampled using pitfall traps, which are considered the most effective method for sampling savanna ants (Andersen, 1991; Lopes & Vasconcelos, 2008; Parr & Chown, 2001).”
Cascading biodiversity and functional consequences of a global change–induced biome switch (2012, methodology): “In addition to pitfall trapping, Winkler sampling, a passive collection technique for leaf litter invertebrates, was undertaken within the closed habitat patches (see Fisher, 1999; Parr & Chown, 2001).”
Contribution of cocoa plantations to the conservation of native ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with a special emphasis on the Atlantic Forest fauna of southern Bahia, Brazil (2007, background): “Mini-Winkler use has become widespread as the traps are recognized as extremely efficient in capturing ground and litter-dwelling ants (Bestelmeyer et al. 2000; Delabie et al. 2000b; Parr and Chown 2001; Longino et al. 2002; Underwood and Fisher 2006).”