Solvent exfoliation of electronic-grade, two-dimensional black phosphorus.

By Joohoon Kang, J. Wood, Spencer A. Wells, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Xiaolong Liu, K. Chen, Mark C. Hersam. ACS Nano, 2015

679 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Solution dispersions of two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP)--often referred to as phosphorene--are achieved by solvent exfoliation. These pristine, electronic-grade BP dispersions are produced with anhydrous organic solvents in a sealed-tip ultrasonication system, which circumvents BP degradation that would otherwise occur via solvated O2 or H2O. Among conventional solvents, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is found to provide stable, highly concentrated (∼0.4 mg/mL) BP dispersions. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the structure and chemistry of solvent-exfoliated BP nanosheets are comparable to mechanically exfoliated BP flakes. Additionally, residual NMP from the liquid-phase processing suppresses the rate of BP oxidation in ambient conditions. Solvent-exfoliated BP nanosheet field-effect transistors exhibit ambipolar behavior with current on/off ratios and mobilities up to ∼10(4) and ∼50 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively. Overall, this study shows that stable, highly concentrated, electronic-grade 2D BP dispersions can be realized by scalable solvent exfoliation, thereby presenting opportunities for large-area, high-performance BP device applications.

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8a3dff0c56207386cedee4a7dc956c815432b95

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Citations in the corpus

• Recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of phosphorene (2017, methodology): “, alumina),(52) oxidizing top layers of phosphorene by oxygen plasma dry etching to protect remaining phosphorene along with ALD of alumina,(54) van der Waals passivation by 2D graphene and/or hBN,(55) and solvent exfoliation with anhydrous organic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).(56) Whe”
• Degradation of phosphorene in air: understanding at atomic level (2015, background): “1 O2 interacting with phosphorene It has been established by both theoretical calculations and experiments that O2 can easily dissociate on black phosphorene[13, 23] leading to the formation the oxidized”