Vertebrate herbivores and ecosystem control: cascading effects of faeces on tundra ecosystems

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Soil and vegetation nutrient response to bison carcasses in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland (2007, background): “Large herbivores are widely recognised to strongly influence soil processes and the structure and diversity of plant communities (Hobbs 1996; Augustine and McNaughton 1998; van der Wal et al. 2004 ).”
Long- and short-term effects of reindeer grazing on tundra wetland vegetation (2009, background): “The combined eVects of reindeer grazing, trampling and fecal deposition can modify competitive interactions of plants leading to an almost complete change in the species composition of a community (Manseau et al. 1996; van der Wal et al. 2004 ).”
Soil‐mediated effects of invasive ungulates on native tree seedlings (2014, background): “Further, ungulates can consume large amounts of plant material and may thereby promote soil microbial activity and enhance decomposition and nutrient mineralization rates when resources are returned to the soil in a labile form as faeces (Bardgett, Wardle & Yeates 1998; Van der Wal et al. 2004).”
Mosses mediate grazer impacts on grass abundance in arctic ecosystems (2004, background): “In Spitsbergen we found that, 3 years after enhanced faecal addition to target plots, there was an associated enhancement of grass growth ( van der Wal et al. 2004 ).”