Human T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity and proliferation directed by a single chimeric TCRζ /CD28 receptor

By J. Maher, R. Brentjens, Gertrude Gunset, I. Rivière, Michel Sadelain. Nature Biotechnology, 2002

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CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in lymphoma patients. (2011, background): “Although preclinical studies suggest that this strategy can indeed augment the activation of CAR-modified T lymphocytes (5, 7, 12), there has been no direct demonstration of this effect in human subjects.”
Gene therapy comes of age (2018, positive): “Collectively, the preclinical and clinical studies on CD19 CARs, using different vector systems (lentiviral vectors, transposons, mRNA, CRISPR-Cas9) (129), CAR designs (130, 131), and T cell subsets (132, 133), have validated the CAR concept (5, 126).”