Synthesis of high flux forward osmosis membranes by chemically crosslinked layer-by-layer polyelectr

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Application of thin film composite membranes with forward osmosis technology for the separation of emulsified oil–water (2014, methodology): “Various methods have been applied to design FO membranes such as traditional cellulosic membranes [25,26], thin-film composite (TFC) membranes [27–30], and recently technology called layerby-layer (LbL) membranes [31–34].”
Novel cellulose ester substrates for high performance flat-sheet thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes (2015, background): “Various phase-inversion [9–11], thin-film composite [12–20] and layer-by-layer (LbL) membranes [21,22] have been developed.”
Forward osmosis for application in wastewater treatment: a review. (2014, background): “despite its hydrophobicity (limiting fluxes); blends of polymers with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for TFC-FO membranes show improvements over commercial FO membranes (Bui et al., 2011; Bui and McCutcheon, 2013; Qiu et al., 2011); and hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) increases fouling resistance (Arena et ”
Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide membranes via electrostatic interaction (2014, methodology): “PAN was partially hydrolyzed to turn into hPAN such that a portion of nitrile functional groups (–CRN) were converted to carboxylate functional groups (–COO ), [17,19,25,26] which were necessary for the membrane support to securely attach the first PAH layer.”