Phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy thermosets: Recent advances and future perspectives

By S. Huo, P. Song, Bin Yu, S. Ran, V. Chevali, Lei Liu, Zhengping Fang, Hao Wang. 2021

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Abstract Their pervasive use in industrial applications renders the development of environmentally benign flame-retardant epoxy (EP) thermosets a timely and important goal. The last two decades have witnessed the rise of phosphorus (P)-containing flame retardants for EP due to their high flame retardancy efficiency, low toxicity, multiple modes of action, molecular diversity and other favorable properties. P-containing flame retardants are classified into two types: reactive and additive, according to whether they participate in the curing process. Recent advances in both of these classes of P-containing flame retardants motivate this comprehensive review on the design and synthesis of P-containing flame retardants and their impact on the material properties of EP thermosets. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art knowledge of P-containing flame retardants and their effects on flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the resultant EP. First, representative flame-retardant mechanisms are reviewed. Subsequently, practical applications of P-containing flame-retardant EP thermosets are presented. Finally, the key challenges associated with P-containing flame retardants for EP thermosets are highlighted, and opportunities for future research in the field are proposed.

Subfields: Pharmacology, Polymers and Plastics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7d46820bbdb1811b4e296e39cdda16dc074da0c