Making a Short Gamma-Ray Burst from a Long One: Implications for the Nature of GRB 060614

By Bing Zhang, Binbin Zhang, E. Liang, N. Gehrels, D. Burrows, P. Mészáros. 2006

200 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The absence of a supernova accompanying the nearby long GRB 060614 poses a great puzzle about the progenitor of this event and challenges the current GRB classification scheme. This burst displays a short-hard emission episode followed by extended soft emission with strong spectral evolution. Noticing that this burst has an isotropic gamma-ray energy only ~8 times that of GRB 050724, a good candidate of merger-type short GRBs, we generate a "pseudo"burst that is ~8 times less energetic than GRB 060614 based on the spectral properties of GRB 060614 and the Ep ∝ E (Amati) relation. We find that this pseudoburst would have been detected by BATSE as a marginal short-duration GRB and would have properties in the Swift BAT and XRT bands similar to GRB 050724. This suggests that GRB 060614 is likely a more intense event in the traditional short-hard GRB category. Events like GRB 060614 that seem to defy the traditional short versus long classification of GRBs may require modification of our classification terminology for GRBs. By analogy with supernova classifications, we suggest that GRBs be classified into Type I (typically short and associated with old populations) and Type II (typically long and associated with young populations). We propose that GRB 060614 belongs to Type I and predict that similar events will be detected in elliptical galaxies.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7caee735bb21ea96154163b8bed90a293cbf549

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. Bing Zhang
2. B. Metzger
3. E. Berger
4. Pawan Kumar
5. E. Liang
6. E. Quataert
7. Binbin Zhang
8. E. Nakar

Citations in the corpus

• A Comprehensive Analysis of Swift XRT Data. I. Apparent Spectral Evolution of Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Tails (2006, background): “—Distributions of the model fitting parameters. may be relevant to some tails of the long GRBs, but does not apply to the tails from the bursts of compact star merger origin (such as GRB 050724 and probably also GRB 060614; Zhang et al. 2007a).”
• THE MILLISECOND MAGNETAR CENTRAL ENGINE IN SHORT GRBs (2015, methodology): “The derived EK,iso is a constant during the normal decay phase, but depends on time during the shallow decay phase (Zhang et al. 2007a).”
• Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Unique Population: Luminosity Function, Local Rate, and Beaming Factor (2006, methodology): “…correct the observed luminosity to a broad band (1 − 104 keV in this analysis) we have to estimate the parameters of the Band function for each GRB. Zhang et al. (2007b) developed a new method to derive the parameters of the Band function by fitting the observational data with incorporation of…”
• GRB 080503: IMPLICATIONS OF A NAKED SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST DOMINATED BY EXTENDED EMISSION (2008, background): “On the basis of these results and others, Zhang et al. (2007) have called for a new terminology for classification that does not refer to “short” and “long” but rather to Type I and Type II GRBs, in recognition of the fact that duration alone is likely to be an imperfect proxy for physical origin…”
• The physics of gamma-ray bursts & relativistic jets (2014, background): “behavior (X.-G. Wang et al. 2014, in preparation). decay phase (Zhang et al., 2007c).”
• Neutrino-dominated accretion flows as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (2017, background): “…2002; Zhang & Mészáros 2004; Zhang 2007; Gehrels et al. 2009; Kumar & Zhang 2015; Wang et al. 2015 for reviews), which are sorted into two categories, i.e., short- and long-duration GRBs (SGRBs and LGRBs, see Kouveliotou et al. 1993) or Type I and II GRBs (Zhang 2006; Zhang et al. 2007).”
• Short-duration gamma-ray bursts with extended emission from protomagnetar spin-down (2007, background): “This predicted degree of spectral softening is stronger than the factor of ∼ 2 decrease in Epeak inferred for GRB060614 by Zhang et al. (2007); indeed, the observed constancy of Epeak is a problem generic to most internal shock models.”
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Swift XRT Data. II. Diverse Physical Origins of the Shallow Decay Segment (2007, methodology): “We have presented a comprehensive analysis of the Swift XRT light curves of long GRBs, focusing on the properties of the shallow decay phase and its relation with the follow-up decay phase.”
• Gamma-ray burst afterglows (2006, methodology): “They are interpreted as internal shock afterglows by Zhang et al. (2007c).”
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era (2007, methodology): “…the spectrally evolving tailsin GRB 050724 (Campana et al. 2006a) and GRB 060614 (Gehrels et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2007a; Mangano et al. 2007b), recently Zhang et al. (2007c) 5 The flare-like signature was seen by Beppo-SAX, but it was interpreted as the onset of the afterglow (Piro et al. 2005).”
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Swift XRT Data. III. Jet Break Candidates in X-Ray and Optical Afterglow Light Curves (2007, methodology): “In this case B or nmust be very small (e.g., B P 10 3 or n 10 2 cm 3) in order to have the cooling frequency lie above the observed X-rays at t 1 day while retaining a reasonable EK; iso (Zhang et al. 2007b).”
• THE AFTERGLOWS OF SWIFT-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. II. TYPE I GRB VERSUS TYPE II GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS (2008, methodology): “The prompt emission light curve has been shown to be an extreme IPC+ESEC form, similar to other Type I GRBs but at higher luminosity (Zhang et al. 2007a).”
• THE LIGHT CURVE OF THE MACRONOVA ASSOCIATED WITH THE LONG–SHORT BURST GRB 060614 (2015, background): “…re-analysis of the late time optical afterglow data (Yang et al. 2015; Y15 hereafter) of the peculiar event GRB 060614 that shares some properties of both long-duration and short-duration GRBs (Gehrels et al. 2006; Fynbo et al. 2006; Della Valle et al. 2006; Gal-Yam et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2007).”
• DISCERNING THE PHYSICAL ORIGINS OF COSMOLOGICAL GAMMA-RAY BURSTS BASED ON MULTIPLE OBSERVATIONAL CRITERIA: THE CASES OF z = 6.7 GRB 080913, z = 8.2 GRB 090423, AND SOME SHORT/HARD GRBs (2009, methodology): “Within the destructive events, Bloom et al. (2008) agreed that there are two major model types (degenerate and non-degenerate), which correspond to Type I and Type II in the Zhang et al. (2007b)’s classification scheme.”
• The First Swift BAT Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog (2007, methodology): “This correlation between the PL photon index and E obspeak was also recognized by Zhang et al. (2007), and their best-fit correlation is shown as a dashed line in Figure 17.”
• Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (2013, unknown): “In this vein,Zhang et al. (2007) andZhang et al. (2009) advocate a new classification scheme into Type I GRBs (compact object mergers) and Type II GRBs (massive star progenitors), motivated by the nomenclature for supernovae.”