Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review

By R. Hayat, Safdar Ali, Ummay Amara, Rabia Khalid, I. Ahmed. Annals of Microbiology, 2010

1,930 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Soil bacteria are very important in biogeochemical cycles and have been used for crop production for decades. Plant–bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere are the determinants of plant health and soil fertility. Free-living soil bacteria beneficial to plant growth, usually referred to as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are capable of promoting plant growth by colonizing the plant root. PGPR are also termed plant health promoting rhizobacteria (PHPR) or nodule promoting rhizobacteria (NPR). These are associated with the rhizosphere, which is an important soil ecological environment for plant–microbe interactions. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria include the cyanobacteria of the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, Allorhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Mesorhizobium. Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria or associative nitrogen fixers, for example bacteria belonging to the species Azospirillum, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, have been shown to attach to the root and efficiently colonize root surfaces. PGPR have the potential to contribute to sustainable plant growth promotion. Generally, PGPR function in three different ways: synthesizing particular compounds for the plants, facilitating the uptake of certain nutrients from the soil, and lessening or preventing the plants from diseases. Plant growth promotion and development can be facilitated both directly and indirectly. Indirect plant growth promotion includes the prevention of the deleterious effects of phytopathogenic organisms. This can be achieved by the production of siderophores, i.e. small metal-binding molecules. Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens and the synthesis of antibiotics have also been reported in several bacterial species. Another mechanism by which PGPR can inhibit phytopathogens is the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and/or fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, e.g., chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase. Direct plant growth promotion includes symbiotic and non-symbiotic PGPR which function through production of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid. Production of indole-3-ethanol or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the compounds belonging to auxins, have been reported for several bacterial genera. Some PGPR function as a sink for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants, by hydrolyzing it into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia, and in this way promote root growth by lowering indigenous ethylene levels in the micro-rhizo environment. PGPR also help in solubilization of mineral phosphates and other nutrients, enhance resistance to stress, stabilize soil aggregates, and improve soil structure and organic matter content. PGPR retain more soil organic N, and other nutrients in the plant–soil system, thus reducing the need for fertilizer N and P and enhancing release of the nutrients.

Subfields: Plant Science

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Citations in the corpus

Synergy between Plants and P-Solubilizing Microbes in soils: Effects on Growth and Physiology of Crops (2011, background): “the rhizosphere play a vital role in transformation pathways, mobilization of nutrients and solublisation processes of nutrients from limited nutrient pool and subsequently uptake of essential nutrients by plants to realize their genetic potential (Hayat et al., 2010).”
Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility (2012, background): “…Zhang et al. 2008a, 2009a, 2010), increase disease suppression (Chithrashree et al. 2011; Jetiyanon and Kloepper 2002; Okubara and Bonsall 2008), plant growth (Hayat et al. 2010; Lim and Kim 2009), and improving the effectiveness of the plant's own iron acquisition mechanisms (Zhang et al. 2009a).”
Plant growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots of wild Dodonaea viscosa L. (2016, background): “Plant growth promoting bacteria function by synthesizing hydrogen cyanide and enzymes such as chitinase for fungal cell wall degradation (Hayat et al. 2010).”
Efficiency of microbial bio-agents as elicitors in plant defense mechanism under biotic stress: A review (2021, background): “Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria/ cyanobacteria such as Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, Azorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Allorhizobium and Mesorhizobium play very significant role in crop production and biogeochemical cycles for decades (Hayat et al., 2010).”
Perspectives of plant-associated microbes in heavy metal phytoremediation. (2012, background): “…metals in the soil, recycle the nutrients, improve plant health and control plant pathogens (Lebeau et al., 2008; Sheng et al., 2008a; Glick 2010; Hayat et al., 2010; Kuffner et al., 2010; Rajkumar et al., 2010; Ma et al., 2011a; Miransari, 2011; Orłowska et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2011a; Aafi et…”
Antagonistic features displayed by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Review (2017, background): “PGPR can also be termed as plant health promoting rhizobacteria (PHPR) or nodule promoting rhizobacteria (NPR) and are attached with the rhizosphere that is an important ecological environment of soil for plant-microbe interactions [8].”
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect plant tolerance and chemical defences to herbivory through different mechanisms (2016, background): “These root associates and decomposers can change the abiotic environment in which plants live by altering nutrient availability and microenvironment (Gerdemann 1968; Lugtenberg & Kamilova 2009; Compant, Cl ement & Sessitsch 2010; Hayat et al. 2010).”
Role of bacterial biofertilizers in agriculture and forestry (2015, background): “Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the best known and most active auxin in plants [47].”
Pesticide relevance and their microbial degradation: a-state-of-art (2014, background): “Soil microbes perform substantial role in litter degradation (Schneider et al. 2010), promotion of plant growth (Hayat et al. 2010), nutrient cycling (Van Der Heijden et al. 2008) and the degradation of pollutants and pesticides (Pino and Penuela 2011; Zhao et al. 2009).”
Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): a review (2015, neutral): “enzymes like phosphatase, phytase, phosphonoacetate hydrolase, D-α-glycerophosphatase and C-P lyase (Hayat et al. 2010).”