A thermo-mechanical model of horizontal subduction below an overriding plate

By J. Hunen, A. Berg, N. J. Vlaar. 2000

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Plate tectonics on the early Earth: Limitations imposed by strength and buoyancy of subducted lithosphere (2008, background): “This aects the coupling between mantle and plates, the ability of the plates to descend into the mantle, and the strength of the slabs ( van Hunen et al., 2000 ).”
A new driving mechanism for backarc extension and backarc shortening through slab sinking induced toroidal and poloidal mantle flow: Results from dynamic subduction models with an overriding plate (2013, background): “…these models have a two-dimensional set-up (which by definition lack toroidal mantle flow) with kinematically applied boundary conditions [e.g., van Hunen et al., 2000; Buiter et al., 2001; Gurnis et al., 2004; Hampel and Pfiffner, 2006; Billen and Hirth, 2007; van Dinther et al., 2010] or with…”
Kinematics and flow patterns in deep mantle and upper mantle subduction models: Influence of the mantle depth and slab to mantle viscosity ratio (2008, background): “…simulations cited above and elsewhere [e.g., Gurnis and Hager, 1988; GuillouFrottier et al., 1995; Griffiths et al., 1995; Moresi and Gurnis, 1996; Houseman and Gubbins, 1997; Conrad and Hager, 1999; van Hunen et al., 2000; Pysklywec and Ishii, 2005; Enns et al., 2005] range between 101 and 106.”