Lysosomal Physiology
By Haoxing Xu, Dejian Ren. Annual Review of Physiology, 2015
894 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Lysosomes are acidic compartments filled with more than 60 different types of hydrolases. They mediate the degradation of extracellular particles from endocytosis and of intracellular components from autophagy. The digested products are transported out of the lysosome via specific catabolite exporters or via vesicular membrane trafficking. Lysosomes also contain more than 50 membrane proteins and are equipped with the machinery to sense nutrient availability, which determines the distribution, number, size, and activity of lysosomes to control the specificity of cargo flux and timing (the initiation and termination) of degradation. Defects in degradation, export, or trafficking result in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lysosomal channels and transporters mediate ion flux across perimeter membranes to regulate lysosomal ion homeostasis, membrane potential, catabolite export, membrane trafficking, and nutrient sensing. Dysregulation of lysosomal channels underlies the pathogenesis of many LSDs and possibly that of metabolic and common neurodegenerative diseases.
Subfields: Cell Biology, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e55506458d5d8365018b21118e937d961283457a
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Citations in the corpus
- Lysosomes as a therapeutic target (2019, background): “This disruption of lysosomal cholesterol efflux with decreases in PtdIns(4,5)P2dependent KCNQ2/3 chan nel activity may lead to the aberrant neuronal activity.”
- Measuring in vivo mitophagy (2015, background): “Turnover of lysosomal Keimamay require slower processes such as lysosomal exocytosis (Xu and Ren, 2015).”