Evidence of plant–insect interactions in the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa

By A. Scott, John M. Anderson, H. Anderson. Journal of the Geological Society, 2004

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Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology (2007, background): “2003, Molteno Fm., South Africa.”
Portrait of a Gondwanan ecosystem: A new late Permian fossil locality from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2009, background): “The earliest leaf mining presently known is from the late Middle to early Late Triassic interval (Rozefelds and Sobbe, 1987; Zherikhin, 2002; Scott et al., 2004; Labandeira et al., 2005).”
The Fossil Record of Plant-Insect Dynamics (2013, background): “…egg hatches a larva, which is transformed into a pupa, from which the adult emerges plant-host and insect-herbivore diversity during the Late Triassic (Scott et al. 2004, Labandeira 2006a) and the expansion of the mid-Cenozoic grassland biome (Strömberg 2005) are noteworthy but are just beginning.”
Genes, enzymes and chemicals of terpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of conifers against insects and pathogens. (2006, background): “Insects have existed for at least 400 Myr (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004), and the fossil record shows that they have used conifers as their host for over 220 Myr, and also reveals signs of host specificity (Scott et al ., 2004).”