Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity leading to tumor cell growth and motility by lysophosphatidic acid production
By Makiko Umezu-Goto, Y. Kishi, Akitsu Taira, K. Hama, N. Dohmae, K. Takio, T. Yamori, Gordon B. Mills, Keizō Inoue, J. Aoki and 1 more. Journal of Cell Biology, 2002
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Autotaxin (ATX) is a tumor cell motility–stimulating factor, originally isolated from melanoma cell supernatants. ATX had been proposed to mediate its effects through 5′-nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities. However, the ATX substrate mediating the increase in cellular motility remains to be identified. Here, we demonstrated that lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) purified from fetal bovine serum, which catalyzes the production of the bioactive phospholipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), is identical to ATX. The Km value of ATX for LPC was 25-fold lower than that for the synthetic nucleoside substrate, p-nitrophenyl-tri-monophosphate. LPA mediates multiple biological functions including cytoskeletal reorganization, chemotaxis, and cell growth through activation of specific G protein–coupled receptors. Recombinant ATX, particularly in the presence of LPC, dramatically increased chemotaxis and proliferation of multiple different cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrate that several cancer cell lines release significant amounts of LPC, a substrate for ATX, into the culture medium. The demonstration that ATX and lysoPLD are identical suggests that autocrine or paracrine production of LPA contributes to tumor cell motility, survival, and proliferation. It also provides potential novel targets for therapy of pathophysiological states including cancer.
Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e519b8c748a788f436702aa0793bc5bf939513b8
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Citations in the corpus
- LPA receptor signaling: pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology (2014, background): “The responsible enzyme was subsequently identified as ATX (56, 57).”
- International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: Update on the P2Y G Protein-Coupled Nucleotide Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology to Therapy (2006, background): “…substrate selectivity for E-NPP2 has been expanded with the observation that this enzyme, but not E-NPP1 or E-NPP3, hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid, linking the activity of the enzyme with tumor cell growth and motility (Tokumura et al., 2002; Umezu-Goto et al., 2002).”