WATER MOTION, MARINE MACROALGAL PHYSIOLOGY, AND PRODUCTION

By C. Hurd. Journal of Phycology, 2000

604 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Water motion is a key determinant of marine macroalgal production, influencing directly or indirectly physiological rates and community structure. Our understanding of how marine macroalgae interact with their hydrodynamic environment has increased substantially over the past 20 years, due to the application of tools such as flow visualization to aquatic vegetation, and in situ measurements of seawater velocity and turbulence. This review considers how the hydrodynamic environment in which macroalgae grow influences their ability to acquire essential resources and how macroalgae might respond physiologically to fluctuations in their hydrodynamic regime with a focus on: (1) the biochemical processes occurring within the diffusion boundary layer (DBL) that might reduce rates of macroalgal production; (2) time scales over which measurements of velocity and DBL processes should be made, discussing the likelihood of in situ mass transfer limitation; (3) if and how macroalgal morphology influences resource acquisition in slow flows; and (4) ecobiomechanics and how hydrodynamic drag might influence resource acquisition and allocation. Finally, the concept that macroalgal production is enhanced in wave‐exposed versus sheltered habitats is discussed.

Subfields: Ecology, Oceanography

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4ff235c4fcdc94d3bfc38bedb9352ce82491448

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Citations in the corpus

Modification of the physical environment by an Ecklonia radiata (Laminariales) canopy and implications for associated foliose algae (2005, background): “Water motion is correlated to almost every possible physical factor or process in water (see review by Hurd 2000 ).”
Biofiltering efficiency, uptake and assimilation rates of Ulva clathrata (Roth) J. Agardh (Clorophyceae) cultivated in shrimp aquaculture waste water (2009, background): “Water flow is a key factor for seaweed nutrient acquisition (Hurd 2000).”
The cultivation of European kelp for bioenergy: site and species selection. (2015, background): “However, extrapolations from small areas to large scale cultivation is likely to overestimate the productivity, as flow is known to decrease towards the centre of dense macroalgal stands [159,160], which can directly influence the achievable biomass of seaweeds [93] by reducing the supply of nutrien”
Wave-induced dynamics of flexible blades (2015, background): “In addition to influencing light availability [38], plant posture and motion mediate nutrient uptake [17, 16] and oxygen efflux [29], which are some of the most important ecological services provided by aquatic vegetation [7].”
Effects of wave exposure on population structure, demography, biomass and productivity of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (2012, background): “Water motion may stimulate littoral and sub-littoral algae (Hurd 2000) and wave-exposed coastal communities are therefore often highly productive (Leigh et al. 1987).”
The structure and replenishment of rocky shore intertidal communities and biogeographic comparisons (2004, background): “Algae have complex ways of extracting resources from the surrounding water mass across different hydrodynamic environments (Hurd, 2000), they do not have obligate planktonic development, and most of their mass of propagules do not seem generally to go far.”
Diversity of Intertidal Macroalgae Increases with Nitrogen Loading by Invertebrates (2004, methodology): “The lack of saturation and low overall uptake rates indicated that diffusion was the likely ammonium-uptake mechanism, probably due to formation of boundary layers in the still water (Hurd 2000), and we used a linear fit to describe the relationship between ammonium uptake and concentration.”
Chemical characterization and quantification of the brown algal storage compound laminarin — A new methodological approach (2015, background): “Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) commonly dominate intertidal and subtidal rocky shores and provide particularly as kelp community much of the three-dimensional structure, habitat, and food for associated organisms (Dayton 1985; Hurd 2000; Pérez-Matus et al. 2007).”
Physical disturbance and subtidal habitat structure on open rocky coasts: Effects of wave exposure, extent and intensity (2008, background): “Many of these physical factors are known to directly control physiological and ecological processes (Hurd, 2000).”
IMTA with Gracilaria vermiculophylla: Productivity and nutrient removal performance of the seaweed in a land-based pilot scale system (2011, background): “vermiculophylla continues to accumulate nitrogen when cultured at the IMTA system might be an indication of the improved growth conditions, like the high water movement (Hurd, 2000; Smit, 2002) and the continuous supply of ammonia.”
Microbial “gardening” by a seaweed holobiont: Surface metabolites attract protective and deter pathogenic epibacterial settlement (2019, background): “Marine macroalgae, that is, seaweeds, have an additional diffusive boundary layer (Hurd, 2000) along with their “second skin” that serves as the micro‐niche of chemically mediated ecological interactions.”
Exposure to waves enhances the growth rate and nitrogen status of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (2007, background): “…that resides within the viscous sublayer of the velocity boundary layer, and within which the movement of molecules is by molecular diffusion (Hurd 2000, San- © Inter-Research 2007 · www.int-res.com*Email: hepburnc@planta.otago.ac.nz KEY WORDS: Macroalgae · Nitrogen · Water motion ·…”
Morphology of Ecklonia radiata (Phaeophyta: Laminarales) along its geographic distribution in south-western Australia and Australasia (2003, background): “Morphological variation in macroalgae is often explained in terms of adaptation to hydrodynamic environments (see review by Hurd 2000).”
Partitioning of primary production among giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), understory macroalgae, and phytoplankton on a temperate reef (2011, background): “…to many animal species (Foster and Schiel 1985; Graham 2004), slow water flow (Jackson and Winant 1983; Gaylord et al. 2007), absorb light (Stewart et al. 2009), and take up nutrients (Hurd 2000), thus shaping the entire benthic community (Dayton 1985; Clark et al. 2004; Arkema et al. 2009).”
Oscillatory flow through submerged canopies: 1. Velocity structure (2005, background): “This tight coupling of biological processes with hydrodynamics has been observed for a broad range of benthic organisms such as bivalves [e.g., Wildish and Kristmanson, 1997; Crimaldi et al., 2002], coral reef communities [e.g., Bilger and Atkinson, 1992; Thomas and Atkinson, 1997], kelp [e.g., Reed”
Coral Reef Algae (2011, background): “Morphology controls the algal height with respect to the benthic boundary layer, and thallus structure may enhance uptake by flexibility in flowing water (Hurd 2000).”