Observation of the spin-Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic semiconductor.

By C. M. Jaworski, Jing Yang, S. Mack, David D. Awschalom, J. Heremans, Roberto C. Myers. Nature Materials, 2010

644 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Reducing the heat generated in traditional electronics is a chief motivation for the development of spin-based electronics, called spintronics. Spin-based transistors that do not strictly rely on the raising or lowering of electrostatic barriers can overcome scaling limits in charge-based transistors. Spin transport in semiconductors might also lead to dissipation-less information transfer with pure spin currents. Despite these thermodynamic advantages, little experimental literature exists on the thermal aspects of spin transport in solids. A recent and surprising exception was the discovery of the spin-Seebeck effect, reported as a measurement of a redistribution of spins along the length of a sample of permalloy (NiFe) induced by a temperature gradient. This macroscopic spatial distribution of spins is, surprisingly, many orders of magnitude larger than the spin diffusion length, which has generated strong interest in the thermal aspects of spin transport. Here, the spin-Seebeck effect is observed in a ferromagnetic semiconductor, GaMnAs, which allows flexible design of the magnetization directions, a larger spin polarization, and measurements across the magnetic phase transition. This effect is observed even in the absence of longitudinal charge transport. The spatial distribution of spin currents is maintained across electrical breaks, highlighting the local nature of this thermally driven effect.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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Citations in the corpus

Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism (2016, positive): “8a), with Pt contacts on the top surface instead of at the end to measure thermally induced spin accumulation [Uchida et al., 2008; Jaworski et al., 2010; Uchida et al., 2010b; Jaworski et al., 2011].”
Spin Hall Effects in Metals (2013, background): “[207], suggest that the observed signals are not due to spin accumulations, which in metals typically only extend at best several 100 nm at room temperature, but that an alternate explanation is required.”
Magnetic texture based magnonics (2020, background): “In ferromagnets, a spin current pumped by spin waves can be detected via the inverse spin Hall effect [108] or via the spin Seebeck effect [109, 110, 111, 112, 113].”
Critical suppression of spin Seebeck effect by magnetic fields (2015, background): “[16] C.”
Opportunities at the Frontiers of Spintronics (2015, background): “While the original spin Seebeck measurements in a transverse geometry [104,107,108] have been controversial because of complications with analyzing the results due to other magneto-thermoelectric effects, in particular anomalous Nernst effects, [109–111], the longitudinal spin Seebeck [104,105,112–1”
Dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors: Physics and spintronic structures (2013, methodology): “, 2011), the spin-Seebeck effect (Jaworski et al., 2010), and spin pumping under FMR conditions (Chen et al.”
Spin-dependent phenomena and device concepts explored in (Ga,Mn)As (2013, methodology): “Spin Seebeck effect Another spin-caloritronics effect which is distinct from the magneto-thermopower (magneto-Seebeck) phenomena is the spin-Seebeck effect (Jaworski et al., 2010; FIG.”