Reassessing the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A robustness exercise

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A panel data heterogeneous Bayesian estimation of environmental Kuznets curves for CO2 emissions (2010, background): “…parametric specifications, by exploiting partially or fully nonparametric models or by looking at the cointegration properties of CO2 time series (Vollebergh et al., 2005; Galeotti et al., 2006), and producing mixed results that do not help to account for the intrinsic EKC empirical fragility.”
Environment and development: is there a Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions? (2009, methodology): “Compared to previous studies on carbon dioxide emissions, our findings are in line with those in Galeotti et al. (2006), which employed a Weibull functional form, and obtained a concave pattern with no reasonable turning point for nonOECD countries.”
Urbanization impact on carbon emissions in the Pearl River Delta region: Kuznets curve relationships (2018, background): “Since 2005, the impacts of urbanization on carbon emissions have been widely researched (e.g., Galeotti et al., 2006; Fong et al., 2009; Glaeser and Kahn, 2010).”