An Extension of a Measure of Polarization, with an application to the income distribution of five OECD countries

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Economic Determinants of Land Invasions (2010, methodology): “13 Polarization is calculated using discrete distribution data by the formula i j i 1 j i j , where is the fraction of landowners in group i or j, and is the share of land owned by the corresponding landowners, for all pairs of i and j (Esteban et al., 2005).”
Stochastic multi-attribute acceptability analysis (SMAA): an application to the ranking of Italian regions (2018, unknown): “Similarly, we propose a novel multidimensional extension of the EGR index to analyse the polarization of the above probabilities.”
On the Methodological Framework of Composite Indices: A Review of the Issues of Weighting, Aggregation, and Robustness (2018, background): “(2017) introduce a specific SMAA-based class of multidimensional concentration and polarisation indices (the latter extending the EGR index) (Esteban and Ray 1994; Esteban et al. 2007), measuring the concentration and the polarisation of the probability of a given entity being ranked in a given posi”
Constructing indices of multivariate polarization (2009, background): “Esteban and Ray (1994) consider such minimum and maximum levels of income as, respectively, the lowest and the highest of the income classes into which the population is a priori partitioned; Milanovic (2000) and Wolfson (1997) sharpen this postulate in saying that the upper level of income is equal”