Greed or Good Deeds: An Examination of the Relation between Corporate Social Responsibility and the Financial Performance of U.S. Commercial Banks around the Financial Crisis

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ESG Performance and Shareholder Value Creation in the Banking Industry: International Differences (2019, methodology): “To that end, we include control variables at the bank level and the country level based on the banking literature [4,12,15–17,37,38]: Qit = α + β1LogSizeit + β2ROAit + β3LEVit + β4Tier1it + β5LogGDPit + β6ENVit + β7SOCit + β8GOVit + εit where the dependent variable is Tobin’s Q, which relates the va”
ESG and financial performance of banks in the MENAT region: concavity–convexity patterns (2021, background): “…who investigated the relationship for 162 banks in 22 countries, Shen et al. (2016) who studied the relationship for global banks in 18 countries, Cornett, Erhemjamts, and Tehranian (2016) who explored U.S. banks, Akdogan, Selimoglu, and Turkcan (2020) for Turkey and Buallay et al. (2020b) who…”
Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2019, background): “Many studies show a positive association between CSR and firm performance (e.g., Herremans et al. 1993; Simpson and Kohers 2002; Flammer 2015; Cornett et al. 2016), but there is also evidence that the relation can be U-shaped (e.”