Cluster observations of an intense normal component of the electric field at a thin reconnecting current sheet in the tail and its role in the shock-like acceleration of the ion fluid into the…

By J. Wygant, C. Cattell, R. Lysak, Yan Song, J. Dombeck, J. Mcfadden, Florian Mozer, C. Carlson, G. Parks, E. Lucek and 5 more. 2005

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Circulation of Heavy Ions and Their Dynamical Effects in the Magnetosphere: Recent Observations and Models (2014, background): “There is clear observational evidence for the presence of O+ ions in some reconnection events (e.g. Kistler et al. 2005; Wygant et al. 2005).”
A kinetic ballooning/interchange instability in the magnetotail (2005, background): “Thus the term hwDi in (24) is equivalent to the gravitational acceleration term that appears in the 2‐D analyses found in the work of Huba et al. [1987] and Winske [1996] .”
Local structure of the magnetotail current sheet: 2001 Cluster observations (2006, unknown): “This electric field along the local sheet normal, converging to the neutral sheet center and suggesting a negative electric charge in the sheet center, should be of 0.5 to several mv/m, which is comparable to the average dawn-dusk electric field (e.g.Asano et al., 2004; Wygant et al., 2005).”
Multi-point observations of the Hall electromagnetic field and secondary island formation during magnetic reconnection (2006, background): “Theories of collisionless reconnection [ Vasyliunas, 1975; Sonnerup, 1979] make specific predictions concerning the magnetic reconnection diffusion region.”