A reinvestigation of EKC model by ecological footprint measurement for high, middle and low income countries

By Recep Ulucak, Faik Bilgili. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018

647 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract This study reinvestigates empirically the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth. The available EKC literature, in general, employs CO2 emissions as a proxy for environmental degradation. Unlike the current studies, this study employs the Ecological Footprint (EF hereafter) variable, instead of CO2 emissions, as an indicator of environmental deterioration. Then, this research observes the countries which are classified into three income groups in order to investigate EKC hypothesis. In conclusion, following the second generation panel data techniques, this paper reaches its best fitted model among the models of continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and continuously updated bias corrected (CUP-BC) models, and, reveals that EKC hypothesis is confirmed by low income, middle income and high income group countries’ data.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Environmental Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2bc8ecb2ca23d403d94e7cc844d514b50ef801e

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Economics and Econometrics

In Environmental Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Do Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk Lead to Environmental Degradation? Evidence from Emerging Economies (2021, neutral): “Third, we discern whether the data have stationary process to restrain from the spurious regression [69].”
The Role of Globalization, Economic Growth and Natural Resources on the Ecological Footprint in Thailand: Evidence from Nonlinear Causal Estimations (2021, background): “In this process of production and consumption, the concept is generally used to examine the environmental situation, which is the outcome of these activities, and was earlier measured through CO2 emissions [4].”
Dynamic impact of trade policy, economic growth, fertility rate, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on ecological footprint in Europe. (2019, result): “This is in linewith our earlier apriori expectation, suggesting an expected linear relationship between income and environmental pollution (Ulucak and Bilgili, 2018; Dogan et al., 2019).”