Steering, entanglement, nonlocality, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.

By Howard M. Wiseman, S. J. Jones, Andrew C. Doherty. Physical Review Letters, 2006

1,286 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The concept of steering was introduced by Schrödinger in 1935 as a generalization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox for arbitrary pure bipartite entangled states and arbitrary measurements by one party. Until now, it has never been rigorously defined, so it has not been known (for example) what mixed states are steerable (that is, can be used to exhibit steering). We provide an operational definition, from which we prove (by considering Werner states and isotropic states) that steerable states are a strict subset of the entangled states, and a strict superset of the states that can exhibit Bell nonlocality. For arbitrary bipartite Gaussian states we derive a linear matrix inequality that decides the question of steerability via Gaussian measurements, and we relate this to the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1941eccb37a854e7932e4538f707b15a5d2aad2

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Citations in the corpus

Inequivalence of entanglement, steering, and Bell nonlocality for general measurements (2015, background): “Often discussed in the context of continuous variable quantum systems [2, 3], EPR steering was put on firm grounds by Wiseman, Doherty and Jones [4] who formalized the effect for arbitrary systems.”
Quantum steering (2019, methodology): “Wiseman et al. (2007) also noted that the construction given above was actually the original construction by Werner (1989) to show that Bell nonlocality and entanglement are distinct notions.”
Arbitrarily loss-tolerant Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering allowing a demonstration over 1 km of optical fiber with no detection loophole (2011, background): “The recent formalization [4] of “EPRsteering” [5] as a quantum information task further generalizes Schrödinger’s notion by allowing for mixed states and imperfect measurements.”
Experimental EPR-steering using Bell-local states (2009, background): “Surprisingly, it has only recently been formalized as a quantum information task with arbitrary bipartite states and measurements [3, 4, 5], for which the existence of entanglement”