Selective removal of the heavy metal ions from waters and industrial wastewaters by ion-exchange method.

By A. Da̧browski, Z. Hubicki, P. Podkościelny, E. Robens. Chemosphere, 2004

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Polymer in Agriculture: a Review (2008, background): “Considering the harmful effects of heavy metals, it is necessary to almost totally remove them from waste effluents([55]), for this reason all over the world industry is forced to diminish down the acceptable level contents of heavy metal in water and industrial wastewaters([56]).”
Cadmium and lead remediation using magnetic oak wood and oak bark fast pyrolysis bio-chars (2014, methodology): “Various aqueous Cd and Pb unitary treatment have been developed including chemical precipitation, electrochemical [4], solvent extraction [5], oxidation, reduction, dialysis/electrodialysis, electrolytic extraction, reverse osmosis [6,7], ion-exchange [8], adsorption [1,9,10], flotation [7,11], nano”
Graphene oxides for removal of heavy and precious metals from wastewater (2016, methodology): “Many methods such as co-precipitation, chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, ion exchange [8], electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration [9–11], reverse osmosis, extraction [6, 12] and adsorption have been studied to remove heavy and precious metals from wastewater [4, 13].”