Ongoing population-level impacts on killer whales Orcinus orca following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska

By C. Matkin, E. Saulitis, G. Ellis, P. Olesiuk, S. Rice. 2008

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Cultural traditions and the evolution of reproductive isolation: ecological speciation in killer whales? (2012, background): “One possibility enabling group survival would be for AT1 to join another transient population, for example the Gulf of Alaska transients; however, there is so far no indication of this happening (Matkin et al., 2008).”
Consequences of global shipping traffic for marine giants (2018, background): “Subsequent recovery of these populations has been poor (Matkin et al. 2008).”
Underestimating the damage: interpreting cetacean carcass recoveries in the context of the Deepwater Horizon/BP incident (2011, background): “In the first year after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill, the AT1 group of " transient " killer whales experienced a 41% loss; there has been no reproduction since the spill (Matkin et al. 2008).”
Social and Behavioural Factors in Cetacean Responses to Overexploitation: Are Odontocetes Less “Resilient” Than Mysticetes? (2012, background): “Individuals from both resident and “transient”-type (mammal-eating) populations of killer whales in Alaska apparently died from exposure to oil in the Exxon Valdez spill and suffered losses of 33% and 41%, respectively, in the year following the event [69].”