Compound treatments, transportability, and the structural causal model: the power and simplicity of causal graphs.

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External Validity: From Do-Calculus to Transportability Across Populations (2014, methodology): “We will ﬁrst describe the generic features common to all such approaches, and then summarize how these features are represented in SEM.”
Causal Inference Under Multiple Versions of Treatment (2013, unknown): “[8]) when applied to the multiple versions of treatment context.”
A General Algorithm for Deciding Transportability of Experimental Results (2013, background): “Petersen [53] showed that this problem is a variant of the general problem treated in Ref.”
EIGHT MYTHS ABOUT CAUSALITY AND STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS (2013, background): “This symbiosis has revitalized epidemiology and the health sciences (Greenland et al. 1999; Petersen 2011) and is slowly making its way into the social sciences (Morgan and Winship 2007; Muthén 2011; Chap.”
Transportability across studies: A formal approach (2011, background): “Control questions, of whether a variable qualifies as a mediator, how to assess the degree of mediation from data, and what assumptions are needed for such assessment have been thoroughly investigated in the literature of mediation(11), or direct and indirect effects (see Pearl (2001); Robins (2003)”