Diversity, Structure, and Evolution of the Termite Gut Microbial Community

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Origin of termite eusociality: trophallaxis integrates the social, nutritional, and microbial environments (2015, background): “Studies have grown exponentially since the advent of molecular sequencing, and a large number of gut phylotypes or species have been identified (Brune & Ohkuma, 2011; Ohkuma & Brune, 2011; Brune, 2014).”
Characterization and Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria from gut of Worker Macrotermes gilvus (2015, background): “However higher termites lack protists and contain only prokaryotes (Ohkuma and Brune 2011).”
Bacterial symbionts as mediators of ecologically important traits of insect hosts (2011, background): “In spite of the extracellular existence, vertical transmission and thus strict coevolution can be attained by passing the bacteria to the next generation via the egg surface, bacteria-containing capsules, or faecal droplets (Kaltenpoth et al., 2009; Kikuchi et al., 2009; Ohkuma & Brune, 2011).”
The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function. (2013, background): “…hundreds of species or phylotypes based on 16S rRNA gene surveys; furthermore, most sequences retrieved from termite guts are novel, suggesting that most of these organisms are termite gut specialists and not environmental bacteria ingested with food (Hongoh et al., 2006; Ohkuma & Brune, 2010).”