From Computer Power and Human Reason From Judgment to Calculation

By Joseph Weizenbaum. 2007

How researchers see this paper

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Citations in the corpus

LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications (2022, neutral): “, developing a dependency relation [103]) either.”
GPT-3: Its Nature, Scope, Limits, and Consequences (2020, background): “A classic book still worth reading on the ELIZA effect and AI in general is (Weizenbaum 1976).”
The Values Encoded in Machine Learning Research (2021, background): “Weizenbaum [42] argued in 1976 that the computer has from the beginning been a fundamentally conservative force which solidified existing power: in place of fundamental social changes, he argued, the computer renders technical solutions that allow existing power hierarchies to remain intact.”
On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? 🦜 (2021, background): “This can seem counter-intuitive given the increasingly fluent qualities of automatically generated text, but we have to account for the fact that our perception of natural language text, regardless of how it was generated, is mediated by our own linguistic competence and our predisposition to interp”
Initial validation of the general attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (2020, background): “This is despite evidence of people ’ s tendency to anthropomorphise and form emotional connections with extremely basic classic psychotherapy systems such as ELIZA (Weizenbaum, 1976).”
Next steps for value sensitive design (2012, background): “BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK There is a long history of work on values and technology, including early work by Mumford [56], Weiner [73], Weizenbaum [74], and Winner [75].”
The debate over understanding in AI’s large language models (2022, background): “to LLMs is a victim of the Eliza effect [25]—named after the 1960s chatbot created by Joseph Weizenbaum that, simple as it was, still fooled people into believing it understood them [50].”
Motivation, Governance, and the Viability of Hybrid Forms in Open Source Software Development (2006, background): “…von Hippel 2003, Raymond 1999); career concerns, learning, and reputation (Hann et al. 2002, Lerner and Tirole 2002); reputation and status within the community (Raymond 1999); afﬁliation and identity (Hertel et al. 2003); or enjoyment and creativity (Gelernter 1998, Ghosh 1998, Weizenbaum 1976).”
Why we should have seen that coming: comments on Microsoft's tay "experiment," and wider implications (2017, background): “In the 1980s, Joseph Weizenbaum called for caution (Weizenbaum, 1985) as did Bill Joy in 2000 (Joy, 2000).”
A survey on empathetic dialogue systems (2020, background): “Early attempts to build dialogue systems can be dated back to the 1960s [5].”
Explainable, trustworthy, and ethical machine learning for healthcare: A survey (2021, background): “For instance, the computer scientist, Joseph Weizenbaum, wrote in the 1970s that it is immoral to use computer systems for substituting a human function, which involves interpersonal respect, understanding, and love, even if they proved to be technically successful [167].”
My Chatbot Companion - a Study of Human-Chatbot Relationships (2021, unknown): “When reflecting on ELIZA, a simple rule-based dialogue system developed in the 1960s to emulate a psychotherapist, its creator Weizenbaum (1976) expressed concern for the seemingly strong relational and emotional appeal of the system.”
Video Game Addiction: The Push To Pathologize Video Games (2017, background): “…a professor of computer science, warned of the dangers that computers represented for “compulsive” programmers who, in contrast to “professional” programmers, spent their time programming for programming’s sake producing overly ambitious, lengthy and poorly documented code (Weizenbaum, 1976).”