Full-data Results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV Luminosity Functions at z ∼ 6–10 and a Consistent Picture of Cosmic Reionization

By M. Ishigaki, Ryota Kawamata, M. Ouchi, M. Oguri, K. Shimasaku, Yoshiaki Ono. 2017

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We present UV luminosity functions of dropout galaxies at with the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data. We obtain a catalog of ∼450 dropout-galaxy candidates (350, 66, and 40 at , 8, and 9, respectively), with UV absolute magnitudes that reach mag, ∼2 mag deeper than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field detection limits. We carefully evaluate number densities of the dropout galaxies by Monte Carlo simulations, including all lensing effects such as magnification, distortion, and multiplication of images as well as detection completeness and contamination effects in a self-consistent manner. We find that UV luminosity functions at have steep faint-end slopes, , and likely steeper slopes, at . We also find that the evolution of UV luminosity densities shows a non-accelerated decline beyond in the case of , but an accelerated one in the case of . We examine whether our results are consistent with the Thomson scattering optical depth from the Planck satellite and the ionized hydrogen fraction QH ii at based on the standard analytic reionization model. We find that reionization scenarios exist that consistently explain all of the observational measurements with the allowed parameters of and for , where is the escape fraction, Mtrunc is the faint limit of the UV luminosity function, and is the conversion factor of the UV luminosity to the ionizing photon emission rate. The length of the reionization period is estimated to be (for ), consistent with the recent estimate from Planck.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e02b57d98c058babd36b31e1d79ef61bb4db7eb8

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Citations in the corpus

COSMOS2020: A Panchromatic View of the Universe to z ∼ 10 from Two Complementary Catalogs (2021, background): “Together with ground-based spectroscopy, it was then possible to confirm some of the most distant galaxies which likely contributed to the reionization of the Universe (e.g., Robertson et al. 2013; Ishigaki et al. 2018).”
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). V. Quasar Luminosity Function and Contribution to Cosmic Reionization at z = 6 (2018, background): “A large number of high-z galaxies and galaxy candidates have been identified up to z ∼ 10 and beyond, and the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) has been intensively studied (e.g., Bouwens et al. 2011, 2015; McLeod et al. 2016; Oesch et al. 2016, 2018; Ishigaki et al. 2018).”
A Comprehensive Study of Galaxies at z ∼ 9–16 Found in the Early JWST Data: Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History at the Pre-reionization Epoch (2022, background): “…redshift evolution from z∼ 3 to 10 with a decrease in the normalization f * and an increase in the faint-end slope α, and no evolution of characteristic luminosity L* on the basis of the Schechter function parameterization (Bouwens et al. 2015, 2021; Finkelstein et al. 2015a; Ishigaki et al. 2018).”
Detection of the Far-infrared [O iii] and Dust Emission in a Galaxy at Redshift 8.312: Early Metal Enrichment in the Heart of the Reionization Era (2018, background): “…(Planck Collaboration et al. 2018), and the latest Hubble Space Telescope (HST) surveys have revealed more than a hundred candidate z8 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs, e.g., Bouwens et al. 2015; Ishigaki et al. 2018; see Stark 2016 for a review) out to = - +z 11.1 0.12 0.08 (Oesch et al. 2016).”
Early Results from GLASS-JWST. III. Galaxy Candidates at z ∼9–15 (2022, unknown): “…bright objects at higher redshifts up to z∼9– 11 (Zheng et al. 2012; Oesch et al. 2013; Coe et al. 2013; McLeod et al. 2016; Hashimoto et al. 2018; Ishigaki et al. 2018; Morishita et al. 2018; Rojas-Ruiz et al. 2020; Bouwens et al. 2021; Roberts-Borsani et al. 2022; Bagley et al. 2022).”
The Dearth of z ∼ 10 Galaxies in All HST Legacy Fields—The Rapid Evolution of the Galaxy Population in the First 500 Myr (2017, methodology): “…(HST ) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) over the last few years, the exploration of galaxies has now reached z ∼ 10 − 12, less than 500 Myr after the Big Bang (e.g. Bouwens et al. 2011a, 2016b; Ellis et al. 2013; Coe et al. 2013; Oesch et al. 2014, 2016; McLeod et al. 2016; Ishigaki et al. 2017).”
Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5 (2018, methodology): “…functions and the incorporation of systematic errors into AGN luminosity function measurements, in a similar manner to recent surveys for lensed high-redshift galaxies that are limited by the accuracy of the lensing mass models (Bouwens et al. 2017; Ishigaki et al. 2018; Atek et al. 2018).”
The extreme faint end of the UV luminosity function at z ∼ 6 through gravitational telescopes: a comprehensive assessment of strong lensing uncertainties (2018, background): “=3 mas (Bouwens et al. 2017a), hlr=20 mas (Atek et al. 2014; Castellano et al. 2016; Ishigaki et al. 2018), and hlr=50 mas (L17).”
Inferences on the timeline of reionization at z ∼ 8 from the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (2019, background): “…of lensed high-redshift galaxies, and local dwarfs, indicate galaxies fainter than Muv = −17 likely exist at z ∼ 8 (e.g., Kistler et al. 2009; Tanvir et al. 2012; Trenti et al. 2012; Alavi et al. 2014; Weisz & Boylan-Kolchin 2017; Livermore et al. 2017; Bouwens et al. 2017; Ishigaki et al. 2018).”
Rapid Reionization by the Oligarchs: The Case for Massive, UV-bright, Star-forming Galaxies with High Escape Fractions (2019, methodology): “This is the common approach adopted in several reionization studies (e.g., Robertson et al. 2015; Ishigaki et al. 2018).”
The bolometric quasar luminosity function at z = 0–7 (2020, background): “Bowler et al. 2015; Bouwens et al. 2015; Parsa et al. 2016; Finkelstein 2016; Mehta et al. 2017; Atek et al. 2015, 2018; Ishigaki et al. 2018) and theoretical studies (Jaacks et al. 2012; Tacchella et al. 2013; Mason et al. 2015; Wilkins et al. 2017; Tacchella et al. 2018; Yung et al. 2018).”