Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences

By Friedrich Schneider, D. Enste. 2000

2,995 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Accounting, Economics and Econometrics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dfc1476b306e5d0426754509c5343f3a91bf9696

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Citations in the corpus

Tax Morale and Conditional Cooperation (2006, background): “Section 5 concludes with a summary and discussion of the main results.”
Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation (2011, background): “…advantages to formal sector participation, including police and judicial protection (hence less vulnerability to corruption and the demand for bribes), access to formal credit institutions, the ability to use formal labor contracts, and greater access to foreign markets (Schneider and Enste 2000).”
Corruption and the shadow economy: like oil and vinegar, like water and fire? (2011, neutral): “different measurement methodologies, see Schneider and Enste (2000) .”
Taxes, Theft, and Firm Performance (2011, neutral): “Schneider and Enste (2000) and Alm, Martinez-Vazquez, and Schneider (2004) provide a comprehensive overview of these methods.”
The Marginal Cost of Public Funds and Tax Reform in Africa (2012, neutral): “Our measures of the untaxed economy are not identical with efforts to measure the shadow economy, such as Schneider and Enste (2000).”
The Myopia of “Diverse Economies”, or a Critique of the “Informal Economy” (2005, background): “Schneider and Enste (2000) have produced a more rigorous (and now widely received) study that points to an increase in ‘‘shadow economies’’ across the advanced economies, not to mention the rest of the globe.”
Informal sector: The credit market channel (2005, background): “1A common definition, focusing on legal activities, considers the informal economy to be made of “all economic activities that contribute to the officially calculated (or observed) gross national product but are currently unregistered” (Schneider and Enste, 2000).”
Value Added Taxes, Chain Effects and Informality (2010, positive): “These activities may produce 25 to 35% of aggregate output in Latin America, between 13 to 70% in Asian countries, around 15% in O.E.C.D. countries (see Table 2 in Schneider and Enste [23]).”
Modeling Energy and Development: an Evaluation of Models and Concepts (2008, background): “The main ‘‘drivers’’ for the informal economy appear to be the tax burden and social security contributions, the intensity of regulations, social transfer systems, overregulation, and high cost on the offi- cial labor market (Schneider & Enste, 2000).”