Observations of the Icy Universe

By A. Boogert, P. Gerakines, D. Whittet. 2015

720 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Freeze-out of the gas-phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in situ (H2O, NH3, CO2, CO, CH3OH, and more). This review summarizes the detected infrared spectroscopic ice features and compares the abundances across Galactic, extragalactic, and Solar System environments. A tremendous amount of information is contained in the ice band profiles. Laboratory experiments play a critical role in the analysis of the observations. Strong evidence is found for distinct ice formation stages, separated by CO freeze-out at high densities. The ice bands have proven to be excellent probes of the thermal history of their environment. The evidence for the long-held idea that processing of ices by energetic photons and cosmic rays produces complex molecules is weak. Recent state-of-the-art observations show promise for much progress in this area with planned infrared facilities.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectroscopy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/df56acefcf1255f3ac2193e0478a0c0aff0f30b6

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. V. Wakelam
2. M. Ruaud
3. R. Garrod
4. J. Loison
5. S. Ioppolo
6. F. Hersant
7. H. Cuppen
8. C. Walsh

In Spectroscopy

1. V. Wakelam
2. M. Ruaud
3. J. Loison
4. F. Hersant
5. H. Cuppen
6. S. Ioppolo
7. C. Walsh
8. T. Lamberts

Citations in the corpus

• Grain Surface Models and Data for Astrochemistry (2017, background): “Observations of interstellar ices show absorption bands attributed to various cations and anions (OCN−,HCOO−,NH+4 , Boogert et al. 2015), and hence these processes should occur.”
• On the reservoir of sulphur in dark clouds : chemistry and elemental abundance reconciled (2017, background): “Note that we assume here that the detections of OCS and SO2 ices are real although the two species are not in the list of ”firmly detected” species of Boogert et al. (2015).”
• 2018 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules (2018, background): “These possible interstellar molecules are discussed in some detail in a review article by Boogert et al. (2015).”
• Gas and grain chemical composition in cold cores as predicted by the Nautilus three-phase model (2016, background): “…it is important to keep in mind that the observed ices toward such sources are known to be slightly to strongly affected by thermal processing (Boogert et al. 2015) and that such comparison may not be relevant for simulations run under dark cloud conditions, i.e. where the temperature is as…”
• H$_2$ formation on interstellar dust grains: the viewpoints of theory, experiments, models and observations (2017, background): “These grains are covered by mantles of olecules, mostly composed of H 2 O ( Boogert et al., 2015 ).”