Renewability and life-cycle energy efficiency of bioethanol and bio-ethyl tertiary butyl ether (bioETBE): Assessing the implications of allocation

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Stability of diesel-bioethanol blends for use in diesel engines (2007, background): “biomass in the future while no further materials but oleiforous ones are expected for biodiesel production [3], (c) it is 100% renewable – with life-cycle renewability efficiency near 50% [4], while biodiesel is just 89% renewable, as it is made from fossil methanol in most of the cases, and (d) its”
Key issues in estimating energy and greenhouse gas savings of biofuels: challenges and perspectives (2016, background): “Liska and Cassman (2008) recalculated metrics reported in an LCA by Malca and Freire (2006) and estimated a net energy ratio (NER) of 1.9 for wheat-bioethanol system.”
Allocation issues in LCA methodology: a case study of corn stover-based fuel ethanol (2009, methodology): “A high sensitivity to the allocation method has been reported for LCA results when evaluating carbon intensity and fossil energy consumption for bioethanol pathways (Kim and Dale 2002; Malça and Freire 2006; Beer and Grant 2007).”
Sensitivity coefficient-based uncertainty analysis for multi-functionality in LCA (2014, background): “…studies (e.g., Ayer et al. 2007; Bernesson et al. 2004; González-Garcia et al. 2010; Guinée and Heijungs 2007; Guinée et al. 2009; Kaufmann et al. 2010; Luo et al. 2009; Malca and Freire 2006; Nguyen and Hermansen 2012; Sayagh et al. 2010; Svanes et al. 2011; Thrane 2004; Wardenaar et al. 2012).”