Historical Trust Levels Predict the Current Size of the Welfare State

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Government Size and Growth: A Survey and Interpretation of the Evidence (2011, unknown): “This mechanism is verified and extended by Bergh and Bjørnskov (2011) who demonstrate that countries with higher historical trust levels also have lower business and credit market regulations.”
Trust, welfare states and income equality: Sorting out the causality (2014, methodology): “The causal relation from trust to welfare state size has been demonstrated in previous studies (Bergh and Bjørnskov, 2011; Bjørnskov and Svendsen, 2013) and we therefore do not model welfare state size explicitly, but only treat it as a potentially moderating variable in the following.”
Interpersonal trust and welfare state support (2015, background): “Our argument can be seen as complementary to Bergh and Bjørnskov (2011, 2014).”
Is the importance of religion in daily life related to social trust? Cross-country and cross-state comparisons (2011, background): “…to trust and that this result is robust to changing the sample in various ways of controlling for both ethnic diversity and welfare-state size, which have been 25 Bergh and Bjørnskov (2011) also put in doubt the causal assumption in the Welfare hypothesis, that the welfare state creates trust.”