Much More than M1 and M2 Macrophages, There are also CD169+ and TCR+ Macrophages

By L. Chávez-Galán, Maria L. Olleros, D. Vesin, I. Garcia. Frontiers in Immunology, 2015

620 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Monocytes are considered to be precursor cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, and macrophages are one of the leading members of this cellular system. Macrophages play highly diverse roles in maintaining an organism’s integrity by either directly participating in pathogen elimination or repairing tissue under sterile inflammatory conditions. There are different subpopulations of macrophages and each one has its own characteristics and functions. In this review, we summarize present knowledge on the polarization of macrophages that allows the generation of subpopulations called classically activated macrophages or M1 and alternative activated macrophages or M2. Furthermore, there are macrophages that their origin and characterization still remain unclear but have been involved as main players in some human pathologies. Thus, we also review three other categories of macrophages: tumor-associated macrophages, CD169+ macrophages, and the recently named TCR+ macrophages. Based on the literature, we provide information on the molecular characterization of these macrophage subpopulations and their specific involvement in several human pathologies such as cancer, infectious diseases, obesity, and asthma. The refined characterization of the macrophage subpopulations can be useful in designing new strategies, supplementing those already established for the treatment of diseases using macrophages as a therapeutic target.

Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deb94dc77e4e4b052b7a3f1016d07bff3fbcb549

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In Immunology

1. Lisa M. Coussens
2. J. Pollard
3. Luca Cassetta
4. Elaine Lin
5. A. Mantovani
6. J. Joyce
7. A. Sica
8. P. Allavena

In Molecular Biology

1. Lisa M. Coussens
2. J. Pollard
3. Luca Cassetta
4. A. Mantovani
5. D. Hanahan
6. Zena Werb
7. J. Joyce

Citations in the corpus

• Human Tumor-Associated Macrophage and Monocyte Transcriptional Landscapes Reveal Cancer-Specific Reprogramming, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets (2019, background): “In homeostatic conditions, SIGLEC1+ macrophages are mainly in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, colon, and lymph node, and they are involved in erythropoiesis and adaptive immune responses (Chávez-Galán et al., 2015).”