A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z = 2.07

By R. Gobat, E. Daddi, M. Onodera, A. Finoguenov, A. Renzini, N. Arimoto, R. Bouwens, M. Brusa, R. Chary, A. Cimatti and 3 more. 2010

175 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We report evidence of a fully established galaxy cluster at z = 2.07, consisting of a ∼20σ overdensity of red, compact spheroidal galaxies spatially coinciding with extended X-ray emission detected with XMM-Newton. We use VLT VIMOS and FORS2 spectra and deep Subaru, VLT and Spitzer imaging to estimate the redshift of the structure from a prominent z = 2.07 spectroscopic redshift spike of emission-line galaxies, concordant with the accurate 12-band photometric redshifts of the red galaxies. Using NICMOS and Keck AO observations, we find that the red galaxies have elliptical morphologies and compact cores. While they do not form a tight red sequence, their colours are consistent with that of a 1.3 Gyr population observed at z ∼ 2.1. From an X-ray luminosity of 7.2 × 10 43 erg s −1 and the stellar mass content of the red galaxy population, we estimate a halo mass of 5.3–8 × 10 13 M� , comparable to the nearby Virgo cluster. These properties imply that this structure could be the most distant, mature cluster known to date and that X-ray luminous, elliptical-dominated clusters are already forming at substantially earlier epochs than previously known.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de0da31908c9a2a5b3e062775c7a01740557b215

How researchers see this paper

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. A. Koekemoer
2. E. Daddi
3. M. Franx
4. Richard S. Ellis
5. R. Bouwens
6. P. V. van Dokkum
7. L. Hernquist
8. D. M. Alexander

In Instrumentation

1. A. Koekemoer
2. R. Bouwens
3. M. Franx
4. P. V. van Dokkum
5. O. Ilbert
6. Mara Salvato
7. Richard S. Ellis
8. E. Daddi

Citations in the corpus

• The WIRCam Deep Survey I. Counts, colours, and mass-functions derived from near-infrared imaging in the CFHTLS deep fields (2011, background): “…the identification of high-redshift groups and clusters (e.g. Finoguenov et al. 2007; Bielby et al. 2010; Finoguenov et al. 2010; Henry et al. 2010; Gobat et al. 2011; Fassbender et al. 2011) and the first populations of galaxies in the early Universe (e.g. Hu & Cowie 2006; Ouchi et al. 2010;…”
• An Extreme Protocluster of Luminous Dusty Starbursts in the Early Universe (2017, background): “The bulk of their star formation occurred at >z 2, over relatively short periods, in a phase compatible with luminous dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs —e.g., Casey et al. 2014) at > –z 3 4 (Collins et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2010; Gobat et al. 2011; Zeimann et al. 2012).”
• THE CLUSTER LENSING AND SUPERNOVA SURVEY WITH HUBBLE: AN OVERVIEW (2011, background): “…1 (Stanford et al. 2006; Eisenhardt et al. 2008; Jee et al. 2009; Huang et al. 2009; Rosati et al. 2009; Papovich et al. 2010; Schwope et al. 2010; Gobat et al. 2011; Jee et al. 2011; Foley et al. 2011) and the finding that some clusters at intermediate redshift (z ∼ 0.3) have denser cores than…”
• The realm of the galaxy protoclusters (2016, background): “These objects have mass estimates based on either X-ray luminosity or velocity dispersion that formally lie below 1014 M (e.g., see Pierre et al., 2012; Gobat et al., 2013; Yuan et al., 2014). nique (Gobat et al., 2011; Strazzullo et al., 2013).”