Infall, Outflow, Rotation, and Turbulent Motions of Dense Gas within NGC 1333 IRAS 4

By J. Francesco, P. Myers, D. Wilner, N. P. H. C. F. Astrophysics, Usa, U. California, Berkeley, I. O. Astronomy, Astrophysics, Taiwan and 2 more. 2001

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Millimeter wavelength observations are presented of NGC 1333 IRAS 4, a group of highly embedded young stellar objects in Perseus, that reveal motions of infall, outflow, rotation, and turbulence in the dense gas around its two brightest continuum objects, 4A and 4B. These data have finest angular resolution of ~2'' (0.0034 pc) and finest velocity resolution of 0.13 km s-1. Infall motions are seen from inverse P Cygni profiles observed in H2CO 312-211 toward both objects, but also in CS 3-2 and N2H+ 1-0 toward 4A, providing the least ambiguous evidence for such motions toward low-mass protostellar objects. Outflow motions are probed by bright line wings of H2CO 312-211 and CS 3-2 observed at positions offset from 4A and 4B, likely tracing dense cavity walls. Rotational motions of dense gas are traced by a systematic variation of the N2H+ line velocities, and such variations are found around 4A but not around 4B. Turbulent motions appear reduced with scale, given N2H+ line widths around both 4A and 4B that are narrower by factors of 2 or 3 than those seen from single-dish observations. Minimum observed line widths of ~0.2 km s-1 provide a new low, upper bound to the velocity dispersion of the parent core to IRAS 4 and demonstrate that turbulence within regions of clustered star formation can be reduced significantly. A third continuum object in the region, 4B', shows no detectable line emission in any of the observed molecular species.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectroscopy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd9ac36b2af5df8e95285e5b320d1112a699cea5

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Citations in the corpus

TADPOL: A 1.3 mm SURVEY OF DUST POLARIZATION IN STAR-FORMING CORES AND REGIONS (2013, methodology): “High-resolution observations of molecular line emission from IRAS 4A have revealed both low-density (Jørgensen et al. 2007) and high-density (Di Francesco et al. 2001) tracers with inverse P-Cygni profiles, which have been interpreted as evidence that envelope material is falling onto the central…”
Complex Molecules in the Hot Core of the Low-Mass Protostar NGC 1333 IRAS 4A (2004, unknown): “Infall motion was detected by Di Francesco et al. (2001) and Choi et al. (1999) with an estimated accretion rate of 1.1×10−4 M⊙ yr −1, an inner mass of 0.7 M⊙ and an age of ∼6500 yr (see also Maret et al. 2002).”
Molecular inventories and chemical evolution of low-mass protostellar envelopes (2003, background): “This agrees with typical mass accretion rates inferred for the youngest protostars (e.g., Shu 1977; Bontemps et al. 1996; Di Francesco et al. 2001).”
Evolution of Chemistry and Molecular Line Profiles during Protostellar Collapse (2004, background): “…important physical parameter to constrain theoretical models in star formation, can only be obtained from molecular spectra (Mizuno et al. 1990; Zhou et al. 1993; Choi et al. 1995; Gregersen et al. 1997; Mardones et al. 1997; Gregersen et al. 1998; Di Francesco et al. 2001; Belloche et al. 2002).”
Probing the formation of intermediate- to high-mass stars in protoclusters - A detailed millimeter study of the NGC 2264 clumps (2005, background): “…magnitude larger than the typical infall rate measured toward low-mass protostars in Taurus (Ohashi 1999, Belloche et al. 2002), and comparable to the large infall rate estimated for some Class 0 protostars in protoclusters such as NGC 1333-IRAS4A (cf. Di Francesco et al. 2001, André et al. 2004).”
Water in star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH). II. Evolution of 557 GHz 110-101 emission in low-mass protostars (2012, methodology): “To quantify the infall in a simplistic manner, Di Francesco et al. (2001) used a toy model consisting of two slabs moving towards each other with a continuum source between them by modifying the model of Myers et al. (1996).”
Accretion onto Pre-Main-Sequence Stars (2016, background): “…mass (Equation 15), these results suggest that the luminosity problem may still exist for many objects, especially as estimates of envelope infall rates in a very few protostars can be as large as 10−4–10−5 M · year−1 (Di Francesco et al. 2001, Belloche et al. 2006, Mottram et al. 2013).”
Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution (2011, background): “Although there are many observations of inward motions on core-size scales (e.g., Di Francesco et al. 2001), the direct detection of gas flow onto a disk has yet to be convincingly demonstrated.”
PROSAC: A Submillimeter Array Survey of Low-Mass Protostars. I. Overview of Program: Envelopes, Disks, Outflows, and Hot Cores (2007, background): “Inverse P Cygni profiles have been seen previously in lines of H2CO and CS toward IRAS 4A and IRAS 4B in IRAM Plateau de Bure observations by Di Francesco et al. (2001).”
Collapse, outflows and fragmentation of massive, turbulent and magnetized prestellar barotropic cores (2011, background): “These high values are typical of very dynamical collapse as described analytically by the Larson-Penston solution (Larson 1969, Penston 1969) and have been observed in some prestellar condensations (e.g. di Francesco et al. 2001, Belloche et al. 2006).”