Effects of light availability and sapling size on the growth, biomass allocation, and crown morphology of understory sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech

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Growth, mortality, and morphological response of European beech and downy oak along a light gradient in sub-Mediterranean forest (2005, background): “LAR, which is considered to be the main determinant of growth at low light (Poorter 1999; Messier and Nikinmaa 2000), decreases with shade in oak and increases with shade in beech (as already shown, Grubb et al.”
Influence of light availability on growth, leaf morphology and plant architecture of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) saplings (2008, background): “This agrees with findings of Bonosi (2006) for the same species, and of Messier and Nikinmaa (2000) for sugar maple.”
Sapling size influences shade tolerance ranking among southern boreal tree species (2006, background): “Trees experience ontogenetic shifts in several important traits as they increase in size (Clark & Clark 1992; McConnaughay & Coleman 1999; Messier & Nikinmaa 2000; Enquist & Niklas 2002; Lusk 2004).”
Growth and crown morphological responses of boreal conifer seedlings and saplings with contrasting shade tolerance to a gradient of light and height (2002, background): “change in this ratio is believed to be the reason why trees re quire an increasingly greater amount of light for normal growth and survival as they become taller (Givnish 1988; Messier and Nikinmaa 2000).”