‘Agricultural Poverty’ and the Expansion of Artisanal Mining in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experiences from Southwest Mali and Southeast Ghana

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Socio-economic and environmental implications of Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) on agriculture and livelihoods (2020, background): “Livelihood diversification into ASM is also generally pursued with the intention of miners to branch out into the nonfarm economy because they believe they can earn more revenues from doing so (Hilson and Garforth, 2012).”
The Economic Logic of Persistent Informality: Artisanal and Small‐Scale Mining in the Southern Philippines (2015, background): “An academic consensus has emerged that attributes ASM expansion to a pervasive subsistence crisis, caused by interrelated processes of structural adjustment, de-agrarianization (e.g. Banchirigah, 2007; Hilson, 2010; Hilson and Garforth, 2012), and in some cases even armed conflict (Hilson and Van Bo”
‘Everyone Now is Concentrating on the Mining’: Drivers and Implications of Rural Economic Transition in the Eastern Region of Ghana (2013, background): “…inability of smallholder farming to sustain rural families, economically, on its own, than a dispossession of farmland (Banchirigah and Hilson, 2010; Hilson and Garforth, 2012).3 The evidence points to these and surrounding areas of Southern Ghana having been the locations of vibrant small-scale…”