Are fluctuations in energy variables permanent or transitory? A survey of the literature on the integration properties of energy consumption and production

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Applied econometrics and implications for energy economics research (2015, background): “If energy consumption or production is stationary, a shockwill result in only a temporary deviation from the energy variable's long run growth path (Smyth, 2013).”
Energy and Ecological Sustainability: Challenges and Panoramas in Belt and Road Initiative Countries (2018, result): “Later, the findings in [27] also negated the EKC hypothesis.”
Relationships among carbon emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and population growth: Testing environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil, China, India and Indonesia (2016, result): “Moreover, Ozturk (2010) drew attention to the methodological flaws and omitted variable bias as the reason of conflicting results; whereas, Smyth (2013) highlighted on the use of different data set in different time span.”
Dynamics of technological innovation, energy consumption, energy price and economic growth in Denmark (2018, background): “Also, Ozturk [25] points out methodological flaws, and how conflicting results from omission of variable bias; while Smyth [26] highlights how different data are used depending on what span of time is considered.”
Persistence of policy shocks to an environmental degradation index: The case of ecological footprint in 128 developed and developing countries (2018, background): “A detailed literature on the stationarity of energy consumption has been documented in Smyth (2013).”