Evidence for a heterotrophic subtropical northeast Atlantic

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Respiration and its measurement in surface marine waters (2005, background): “Whereas the differences between respiration and photosynthesiswithin the current datasetmay be on the edge of significance, the pattern of negative net community production on the eastern periphery of the North Atlantic Gyre is a repeated observation (Duarte and Agusti 1998; Duarte et al. 2001; Robi”
Plankton respiration in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean (2002, background): “Several datasets now show net heterotrophy (respiration>GP) on short time scales within the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (e.g. Gonzalez et al., 2001; Duarte et al., 2001; Serret et al., 2001).”
Temperature dependence of planktonic metabolism in the ocean (2012, background): “…of oceanic planktonic communities appears to be in approximate balance across large scales (GPP ≈ CR) [Duarte and Agustí, 1998;Williams, 1998; Duarte et al., 2001; del Giorgio and Duarte, 2002], regional disequilibria may be brought about by allochthonous inputs of organic matter, which…”
Fluxes of carbon in the upper ocean: regulation by food-web control nodes (2002, unknown): “…is presently an extensive, yet unresolved debate on metabolic balance in oligotrophic oceans, i.e. whether large ocean areas are carbon sinks (del Giorgio et al. 1997, Duarte & Agusti 1998, AlvarezSalgado et al. 2001, Duarte et al. 2001) or sources (Williams 1998, Williams & Bower 1999).”