Effects of above- and belowground competition on growth and survival of rain forest tree seedlings.

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Competitive responses of seedlings and understory plants in longleaf pine woodlands: separating canopy influences above and below ground (2007, methodology): “Soil trenching is a field-based approach that can directly isolate mechanisms of plant–plant interactions (Coomes and Grubb 2000; Lewis and Tanner 2000; Toumey 1929).”
Direct seeding of late-successional trees to restore tropical montane forest (2011, background): “roots and significantly increased N and P uptake in seedlings of two tropical tree species planted into treefall gaps and forest understory (Lewis and Tanner, 2000).”
Disentangling above‐ and below‐ground competition between lianas and trees in a tropical forest (2005, methodology): “The disparate findings among these studies may be explained by the relative availability of above- vs. below-ground resources (Coomes & Grubb 2000; Lewis & Tanner 2000; Barberis & Tanner 2005).”