A numerical investigation of heat transfer in phase change materials (PCMs) embedded in porous metals

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A review of phase change heat transfer in shape-stabilized phase change materials (ss-PCMs) based on porous supports for thermal energy storage (2021, background): “90 FVM 2D R [98] Paraffin/copper foam 0.”
A novel hybrid thermal management for Li-ion batteries using phase change materials embedded in copper foams combined with forced-air convection (2019, result): “Similar results were also found by Zhao et al. [68], who indicated that the temperature difference across PCM-metal foam composite was never higher than 10 °C. Fig.”
Experimental analysis of phase change phenomenon of paraffin waxes embedded in copper foams (2015, background): “This also con ﬁ rms results reported by Tian and Zhao [16] that due to a large ﬂ ow resistance the foam suppressed the natural convection ﬂ ow.”
Numerical modeling for solid–liquid phase change phenomena in porous media: Shell-and-tube type latent heat thermal energy storage (2013, methodology): “In the experimental work of [16], the paraffin wax was used as PCM and the heat transfer was found to be improved by metal foam.”