A demographic study of deer browsing impacts on Trillium grandiflorum

By T. Rooney, K. Gross. Plant Ecology, 2003

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Defining deer overabundance and threats to forest communities: From individual plants to landscape structure (2003, methodology): “Further development of forb population models (Rooney & Gross, 2003) and long-term monitoring programs that examine changes in forb population structure over time are needed to improve the interpretation of forb-based indices in terms of the probability and temporal scale of local plant…”
Effects of abundant white-tailed deer on vegetation, animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and soils (2014, background): “Thus, a decrease in the height of spring ephemerals can indicate reduced reproductive potential, which can lead to population declines and local extinctions (Ehrlen, 1995; Rooney and Gross, 2003; McGraw and Furedi, 2005).”
Population growth rate of a common understory herb decreases non-linearly across a gradient of deer herbivory (2009, methodology): “In contrast, herbaceous understory plants often experience greater herbivory at larger, reproductive stages (Augustine and Frelich 1998, Rooney and Gross 2003, Knight 2003, 2004, McGraw and Furedi 2005).”
Facilitating the evolution of resistance to avian malaria in Hawaiian birds (2006, background): “…warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) by Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) (Probst, 1986); and plants by unprecedented browsing pressure from white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Rooney and Gross, 2003; Rooney and Waller, 2003, Knight, T., Holt, R.D., Barfield, M., unpublished data).”