Spin transfer torques

By D. Ralph, Mark D. Stiles. 2007

1,756 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This tutorial article introduces the physics of spin transfer torques in magnetic devices. Our intention is that it be accessible to beginning graduate students. We provide an elementary discussion of the mechanism of spin transfer torque and review the theoretical and experimental progress in this field. This article is meant to set the stage for the articles which follow in this volume of the Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, which focus in more depth on particularly interesting aspects of spin-torque physics and highlight unanswered questions that might be productive topics for future research.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/db0e7dd550908e9f0e40a05f1e49d7b0f765d68f

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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Spin Hall Effects in Metals (2013, background): “current being polarized by the fixed layer of the tunnel junction structure [235]–[238] there are several advantages of devices relying on spin Hall effects for the generation of spin accumulation.”
Spin-dependent phenomena and device concepts explored in (Ga,Mn)As (2013, methodology): “…are at the forefront of the research field of electrically controlled spin manipulation and play an important role in the development of a new generation of magnetic random access memories (MRAMs), tunable oscillators, and other spintronic devices (Chappert et al., 2007; Ralph and Stiles, 2008).”
Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems (2018, background): “SOT is fundamentally distinct from the earlier discovered current-induced switching mechanism due to the spintransfer torque (STT) (Ralph and Stiles, 2008).”
Spin-torque building blocks. (2014, background): “The spin torque has two contributions, called in-plane and out-of-plane torques [12] [13], that provide two different handles with which to manipulate the magnetization.”
Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism (2016, positive): “If the spin current from the fixed layer dephases completely when reflecting from or flowing through the free magnetic layer, then only the antidamping component of torque is expected to be significant, but if the dephasing is not complete, then the effective-field component can also be strong (Ralp”
Symmetry and magnitude of spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. (2013, methodology): “that Bodd measured at ϕ = 90º closely follows the function cos 𝜃�−𝐴𝜃0+ 𝐵 2 𝜑sin2𝜃� with 𝐴 0 𝜃 = -11.6 ± 0.7 mT and 𝐵 2 𝜑 = 11.2 ± 0.6 mT, as shown in Fig. 2e. This expression is in agreement with Eq. (3), but differs remarkably from that expected from either the Rashba field6,14-18 or the ”
Electrical Detection of Magnetization Dynamics via Spin Rectification Effects (2016, background): “spin-transfer torque is not only relevant in bilayer devices but also plays an important role in the voltage produced in spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions [17, 21, 22, 28, 230, 243].”
Magnetization oscillations and waves driven by pure spin currents (2016, background): “Since the first demonstration [1-5] of the possibility to excite magnetization dynamics by spin-polarized electric currents due to the spin transfer torque (STT) effect [6,7], dynamic spin torque phenomena have become the subject of intense research [8-15].”
Nonlinear Auto-Oscillator Theory of Microwave Generation by Spin-Polarized Current (2009, background): “A good overview of the most recent advances in the field of spin-torque-induced magnetization dynamics is given in three tutorial papers published in [120]–[122].”