THE DEEP2 GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY: DESIGN, OBSERVATIONS, DATA REDUCTION, AND REDSHIFTS

By J. Newman, M. Cooper, M. Davis, S. Faber, A. Coil, P. Guhathakurta, D. Koo, A. Phillips, C. Conroy, A. Dutton and 24 more. 2012

585 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We describe the design and data analysis of the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey, the densest and largest high-precision redshift survey of galaxies at z ∼ 1 completed to date. The survey was designed to conduct a comprehensive census of massive galaxies, their properties, environments, and large-scale structure down to absolute magnitude MB = −20 at z ∼ 1 via ∼90 nights of observation on the Keck telescope. The survey covers an area of 2.8 deg2 divided into four separate fields observed to a limiting apparent magnitude of RAB = 24.1. Objects with z ≲ 0.7 are readily identifiable using BRI photometry and rejected in three of the four DEEP2 fields, allowing galaxies with z > 0.7 to be targeted ∼2.5 times more efficiently than in a purely magnitude-limited sample. Approximately 60% of eligible targets are chosen for spectroscopy, yielding nearly 53,000 spectra and more than 38,000 reliable redshift measurements. Most of the targets that fail to yield secure redshifts are blue objects that lie beyond z ∼ 1.45, where the [O ii] 3727 Å doublet lies in the infrared. The DEIMOS 1200 line mm−1 grating used for the survey delivers high spectral resolution (R ∼ 6000), accurate and secure redshifts, and unique internal kinematic information. Extensive ancillary data are available in the DEEP2 fields, particularly in the Extended Groth Strip, which has evolved into one of the richest multiwavelength regions on the sky. This paper is intended as a handbook for users of the DEEP2 Data Release 4, which includes all DEEP2 spectra and redshifts, as well as for the DEEP2 DEIMOS data reduction pipelines. Extensive details are provided on object selection, mask design, biases in target selection and redshift measurements, the spec2d two-dimensional data-reduction pipeline, the spec1d automated redshift pipeline, and the zspec visual redshift verification process, along with examples of instrumental signatures or other artifacts that in some cases remain after data reduction. Redshift errors and catastrophic failure rates are assessed through more than 2000 objects with duplicate observations. Sky subtraction is essentially photon-limited even under bright OH sky lines; we describe the strategies that permitted this, based on high image stability, accurate wavelength solutions, and powerful B-spline modeling methods. We also investigate the impact of targets that appear to be single objects in ground-based targeting imaging but prove to be composite in Hubble Space Telescope data; they constitute several percent of targets at z ∼ 1, approaching ∼5%–10% at z > 1.5. Summary data are given that demonstrate the superiority of DEEP2 over other deep high-precision redshift surveys at z ∼ 1 in terms of redshift accuracy, sample number density, and amount of spectral information. We also provide an overview of the scientific highlights of the DEEP2 survey thus far.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/db0714144ed966fc842472dffd26ed0614601102

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Citations in the corpus

THE DATA REDUCTION PIPELINE FOR THE SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU GALAXY SURVEY (2016, methodology): “We find that the overall distribution of values is broadly consistent with theoretical models in all four cameras (c.f. Fig 23 of Newman et al. 2013, which shows similar plots for the DEEP2 survey), albeit with some evidence for slight oversubtraction on average and a non-gaussian wing in the blue…”
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT: TECHNICAL OVERVIEW (2014, background): “Finally, there are a handful of quasars in the EGS field discovered by the DEEP2 survey (Newman et al. 2013), which were missed in the SDSS + MMT sample.”
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program – I. Observations, data reduction and spectroscopic sample of 582 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (2012, methodology): “Since our typical procedure is not adaptable to tilted sky lines (our background subtraction would produce dipoles for every sky line), we implement a modified version of the DEEP2 DEIMOS pipeline (Newman et al. 2012; Cooper et al. 2012)2 to rectify and background-subtract our spectra.”
CFHTLenS: the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey – imaging data and catalogue products (2012, methodology): “The public spectroscopic redshifts available in our fields come from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, Abazajian et al. 2009), the VIMOS VLT deep survey (VVDS, Le Fèvre et al. 2005) and the DEEP2 galaxy redshift survey (Newman et al. 2012).”
Euclid preparation (2021, background): “We aim at retrieving the mean redshift of the VVDS/DEEP2 galaxies.”
Photometric Redshifts for Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Data Release 1 (2017, unknown): “…et al. 2014), SDSS DR14 (Alam et al. 2015), GAMA DR2 (Liske et al. 2015), WiggleZ DR1 (Drinkwater et al. 2010), DEEP2/3 DR4 (Davis et al. 2003; Cooper et al. 2011; Cooper et al. 2012; Newman et al. 2013), PRIMUS DR1 (Coil et al. 2011; Cool et al. 2013) and VANDELS DR2 (Pentericci et al. 2018).”
Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral Field Spectroscopy (2016, background): “A broadly consistent systematic trend was obtained by combining strong and weak lensing for massive galaxy clusters (Newman et al. 2013a, 2015).”
COMBINED CO AND DUST SCALING RELATIONS OF DEPLETION TIME AND MOLECULAR GAS FRACTIONS WITH COSMIC TIME, SPECIFIC STAR-FORMATION RATE, AND STELLAR MASS (2014, methodology): “Main-sequence SFGs are characterized by disky, exponential rest-UV/rest-optical light distributions (nSersic~1-2, Wuyts et al. 2011b) and a strong majority is rotation dominated (e.g. Shapiro et al. 2008, Förster Schreiber et al. 2009, Newman et al. 2013, Wisnioski et al. 2014).”
EVIDENCE FOR PopIII-LIKE STELLAR POPULATIONS IN THE MOST LUMINOUS Lyα EMITTERS AT THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION: SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION (2015, methodology): “We reduced the data using the DEIMOS SPEC2D pipeline (Cooper et al. 2012; Newman et al. 2013).”
Lensing is Low: Cosmology, Galaxy Formation, or New Physics? (2016, methodology): “The DEEP2 spectroscopic redshift catalogue contains galaxies to RAB = 24.1 which spans the full magnitude range of our source sample.”
Star-galaxy Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2016, methodology): “…1–13 (2016) We have cross-matched reliable spectroscopic galaxies from the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe Phase 2 (DEEP2; Davis et al. 2003; Newman et al. 2013), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (Alam et al. 2015, SDSS-DR10), the VIsible imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph…”
STELLAR MASSES FROM THE CANDELS SURVEY: THE GOODS-SOUTH AND UDS FIELDS (2014, methodology): “One-dimensional spectra were extracted and redshifts were measured from the reduced spectra using additional software developed as part of the DEEP2 and DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Surveys (Newman et al. 2013; Cooper et al. 2011, 2012b) and adapted for use 27 http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/Code/cosmos The”
KiDS+VIKING-450 and DES-Y1 combined: Cosmology with cosmic shear (2019, methodology): “Here, we apply the same selection criteria as the zCOSMOS (i < 22.5; Lilly et al. 2007), VVDS (i < 24; Le Fèvre et al. 2005, 2013), and DEEP2 (R < 24.1 plus color selection; Newman et al. 2013) teams to areas that correspond to the areas sampled by the data.”
Galaxy Interactions Trigger Rapid Black Hole Growth: an unprecedented view from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (2017, background): “In addition, the HSC Survey fields were carefully constructed to overlap with existing multi-wavelength survey fields, e.g., millimeter data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT); X-ray data from multiple XMM-Newton and Chandra; near-/mid-infrared imaging surveys such as VIKING/VIDEO; UKIDSS; S”