Experimental evidence for nest-site competition between invasive ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula krameri) and native nuthatches (Sitta europaea)

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Establishment success of invasive ring‐necked and monk parakeets in Europe (2009, background): “However, a recent GIS- based niche modelling study showed that, at least in northern Belgium, suitable locations remain plentiful (Strubbe & Matthysen, 2009b).”
Bird feeders may sustain feral Rose-ringed parakeets Psittacula krameri in temperate Europe (2011, background): “Feral populations of this ’nice bird’ in European towns are well accepted (Strubbe & Mat- thysen 2009a), whereas in India, it is considered an agricultural pest (Reddy 1998, Mukherjee et al. 2000).”
Application of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts (2016, background): “…Table 1): parakeets have been found to cause reductions in the size of populations of nuthatches (Sitta europeae) in Belgium, but with no evidence to show that these impacts have resulted in local population extinctions or changes to the structure of communities (Strubbe & Matthysen, 2007, 2009).”
BirdTrends 2014: trends in numbers, breeding success and survival for UK breeding birds (2014, background): “In Belgium, competition for nest sites with the non-native, invasive Strubbe & Matthysen 2009).”
Garden Bird Feeding: Insights and Prospects from a North-South Comparison of This Global Urban Phenomenon (2017, background): “This species not only outcompetes many native species for food but also for nest sites (e.g., Strubbe and Matthysen, 2009).”