Precision synthesis versus bulk-scale fabrication of graphenes

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Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites (2019, background): “Bottom-up synthesis (such as chemical vapor deposition, epitaxial growth on silicon carbide wafers, etc.) has been shown to be time-consuming and faces challenges to scalability [24].”
Production and processing of graphene and related materials (2020, background): “Solution synthesis of GNRs The concept of solution based bottom-up synthesis relies on the preparation of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), often referred to as nanographenes [22, 23] The reaction is based on the intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of corresponding oligophenyl”