Quantum-Enhanced Measurements: Beating the Standard Quantum Limit

By Vittorio Giovannetti, Seth Lloyd, Lorenzo Maccone. Science, 2004

2,825 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Quantum mechanics, through the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, imposes limits on the precision of measurement. Conventional measurement techniques typically fail to reach these limits. Conventional bounds to the precision of measurements such as the shot noise limit or the standard quantum limit are not as fundamental as the Heisenberg limits and can be beaten using quantum strategies that employ “quantum tricks” such as squeezing and entanglement.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d927ab4b1afc75a3dbe4ef0d5dd40eb2bd7bbb56

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Citations in the corpus

The quantum internet (2008, background): “Within the broad context of QIS, quantum networks play an important role, both for the formal analysis and the physical implementation of quantum computation, communication, and metrology [2, 3, 4, 5, 6].”
Inside Quantum Repeaters (2015, background): “principles) can be broken into a number of areas including: 1) Quantum measurement, metrology and sensing [7], [8], 2) Quantum communication [9]–[12],”
Semiconductor quantum light sources (2007, background): “ton complexes that can be confined. High resolution spectroscopy reveals that the X 2 and X transitions of a dot are in fact both doublets with linearly polarised components parallel to the [110] and [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] axes of the semiconductor crystal, labelled here H and V, respective”
Experimental quantum-enhanced estimation of a lossy phase shift (2009, methodology): “An application of N00N states improves the precision to 1s N , known as the Heisenberg limi”
A high-fidelity noiseless amplifier for quantum light states (2010, neutral): “We have 〈 p 〉 e v α v sin θ , and for small θ we may construct an estimator θ est e p sv α v, the variance of which is inversely proportional to the total mean number of photons in the probe coherent state, V ( θ est ) e 1s4v α v 2 , which is the well-known standard quantum limi”
General framework for estimating the ultimate precision limit in noisy quantum-enhanced metrology (2011, background): “On the other hand, it has been shown that squeezed [27, 28] or entangled states [2, 3] may lead, in the absence of losses, to a scaling of this uncertainty with the inverse of the mean num ber of photons.”
Quantum limits in optical interferometry (2014, background): “…and more generally for any arbitrary unitary parameter estimation problem, i.e. the one in which an N -particle state evolves under a unitary U⊗Nϕ , Uϕ = exp(−iĤϕ), with Ĥ being a general single-particle evolution generator and ϕ the parameter to be estimated (Giovannetti et al., 2004, 2006).”