A NEW MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GENERAL RELATIVISTIC NEUTRINO HYDRODYNAMIC CODE FOR CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE. I. METHOD AND CODE TESTS IN SPHERICAL SYMMETRY

By Bernhard Müller, Hans-Thomas Janka, H. Dimmelmeier. 2010

161 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a new general relativistic code for hydrodynamical supernova simulations with neutrino transport in spherical and azimuthal symmetry (one dimension and two dimensions, respectively). The code is a combination of the CoCoNuT hydro module, which is a Riemann-solver-based, high-resolution shock-capturing method, and the three-flavor, fully energy-dependent VERTEX scheme for the transport of massless neutrinos. VERTEX integrates the coupled neutrino energy and momentum equations with a variable Eddington factor closure computed from a model Boltzmann equation and uses the “ray-by-ray plus” approximation in two dimensions, assuming the neutrino distribution to be axially symmetric around the radial direction at every point in space, and thus the neutrino flux to be radial. Our spacetime treatment employs the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner 3+1 formalism with the conformal flatness condition for the spatial three metric. This approach is exact for the one-dimensional case and has previously been shown to yield very accurate results for spherical and rotational stellar core collapse. We introduce new formulations of the energy equation to improve total energy conservation in relativistic and Newtonian hydro simulations with grid-based Eulerian finite-volume codes. Moreover, a modified version of the VERTEX scheme is developed that simultaneously conserves energy and lepton number in the neutrino transport with better accuracy and higher numerical stability in the high-energy tail of the spectrum. To verify our code, we conduct a series of tests in spherical symmetry, including a detailed comparison with published results of the collapse, shock formation, shock breakout, and accretion phases. Long-time simulations of proto-neutron star cooling until several seconds after core bounce both demonstrate the robustness of the new CoCoNuT-VERTEX code and show the approximate treatment of relativistic effects by means of an effective relativistic gravitational potential as in PROMETHEUS-VERTEX to be remarkably accurate in spherical symmetry.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d844096c07ee8fda7a1ea7b4a4fde3098479cd3c

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Citations in the corpus

GENERAL-RELATIVISTIC SIMULATIONS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2012, background): “The effect of this “neutrino stress” is naturally captured by the coupling of radiation and matter in full neutrino transport calculations (see, e.g., B. Müller et al. 2010).”
NEW EQUATIONS OF STATE IN SIMULATIONS OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2011, background): “…to increase the neutrino heating efficiency (see, e.g., Miller et al. (1993), Herant et al. (1994), Janka & Mueller (1996), Burrows et al. (2007)) and help to aid the understanding of aspherical explosions (see, for example, Bruenn et al. (2006); Marek & Janka (2009); and Müller et al. (2010)).”
NEW TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS BY THE NEUTRINO-HEATING MECHANISM: EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENT INSTABILITY REGIMES IN COLLAPSING STELLAR CORES (2012, methodology): “For details about the implementation and a discussion of the accuracy of our approach, we refer the reader to Müller et al. (2010) and Müller et al. (2012).”
Global comparison of core-collapse supernova simulations in spherical symmetry (2018, methodology): “It allows to simultaneously conserve energy and lepton number with good accuracy using the scheme described in [73].”
THREE-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA SIMULATIONS FOR AN 11.2 M☉ STAR WITH SPECTRAL NEUTRINO TRANSPORT (2011, methodology): “Following the prescription in Müller et al. (2010), we improve the accuracy of the total energy conservation by using a conservation form in Equation (3), insteadof 3 along each radial ray 3 4 5 solving the evolution of internal energy as originally designed in the ZEUS code.”
A COMPARISON OF TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL NEUTRINO-HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2013, methodology): “To improve the accuracy of total energy conservation, we follow the prescription proposed by Müller et al. (2010).”
What can be learned from a future supernova neutrino detection (2017, result): “The results from this study have often been used by other authors to gauge the accuracy of their codes [206, 207, 208].”
MAGNETOROTATIONALLY DRIVEN SUPERNOVAE AS THE ORIGIN OF EARLY GALAXY r-PROCESS ELEMENTS? (2012, background): “…core and accreted matter (Bethe 1990), and this (regular) scenario is again becoming more and more promising with recent multi-D hydrodynamic approaches and improved (spectral) neutrino transport (e.g., Müller et al. 2010; Lentz et al. 2012; Liebendörfer et al. 2010; Burrows et al. 2011).”
A NEW MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GENERAL RELATIVISTIC NEUTRINO HYDRODYNAMICS CODE FOR CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE. II. RELATIVISTIC EXPLOSION MODELS OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2012, methodology): “We perform numerical simulations with the general relativistic neutrino hydrodynamics code VertexCoCoNuT introduced in Paper I (Müller et al. 2010), which is a combination of the neutrino transport solver Vertex (Rampp & Janka 2002; Buras et al. 2006b) and the relativistic hydrodynamics code…”