Effect of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition on Exercise Capacity and Clinical Status in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial

By M. Redfield, Horng H. Chen, Barry A. Borlaug, M. Semigran, Kerry L Lee, G. Lewis, M. LeWinter, J. Rouleau, D. Bull, Douglas L. Mann and 21 more. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2013

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Importance Studies in experimental and human heart failure suggest that phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors may enhance cardiovascular function, and thus, exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Objective To determine the effect of the phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, in comparison to placebo on exercise capacity and clinical status in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Design, setting, and patients Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, randomized clinical trial of 216 stable outpatients with heart failure, ejection fraction ≥ 50%, elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide or elevated invasively-measured filling pressures, and reduced exercise capacity. Participants were randomized from October 2008 through February 2012 at 26 centers in the United States and Canada. Intervention Sildenafil (n=113) or placebo (n=103) administered orally at 20 mg three times daily for 12 weeks followed by 60 mg three times daily for 12 weeks. Main outcome measures Primary endpoint was change in peak oxygen consumption after 24 weeks of therapy. Secondary endpoints included change in six-minute walk distance and a three tier hierarchical composite clinical status score where patients were ranked (range 1-N) based on time to death, time to cardiovascular or cardiorenal hospitalization and change in quality of life for participants alive without cardiovascular or cardiorenal hospitalization at 24 weeks. Results Median age was 69 years and 48% of patients were female. At baseline, median peak oxygen consumption (11.7 ml/kg/min) and six-minute walk distance (308 meters) were reduced and median E/e′ (16), left atrial volume index (44 ml/m2) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (41 mmHg) were consistent with chronically-elevated left ventricular filling pressures. At 24 weeks, median (interquartile range) changes in peak oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min) in patients who received placebo [−0.20 (−0.70, 1.00)] or sildenafil [−0.20 (−1.20, 1.10); p=0.90] were not significantly different. The mean clinical status rank score (higher value indicates better status; expected value with no treatment effect = 95) was not significantly different (p=0.85) at 24 weeks in patients who received placebo (95.8) or sildenafil (94.2). Changes in six-minute walk distance (meters) at 24 weeks in patients who received placebo [15.0 (−26.0, 45.0)] or sildenafil [5.0 (−37.0, 55.0); p=0.92] were also not significantly different. Adverse events occurred in 78 (76%) of patients who received placebo and 90 (80%) of patients who received sildenafil. Serious adverse events occurred in 16 (16%) of patients who received placebo and 25 (22%) of patients who received sildenafil. Conclusion Chronic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor therapy with sildenafil for 24 weeks did not alter exercise capacity or clinical status compared to placebo in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT00763867

Subfields: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d776fcbed3da6b1c20da0d260f445bdd4f616b67

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