Non-indigenous ungulates as a threat to biodiversity

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Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey populations than do native consumers (2013, unknown): “…(Witte et al., 1992; Fritts & Rodda, 1998; Kats & Ferrer, 2003; Blackburn et al., 2004; Dorcas et al., 2012), herbivory (Parker et al., 2006; Spear & Chown, 2009), hybridization (Ayres et al., 2004), competition (Spencer et al., 1991; Ricciardi et al., 1998; Ricciardi, 2004; Baider &…”
The threat of invasive species to IUCN-listed critically endangered species: A systematic review (2021, background): “Another invasive mammal group, herbivores such as feral pigs (Sus scrofa), are an important threat to endangered species on islands by predation (Spear and Chown, 2009), but our results suggest that they are not the most important drivers of extinction risk at a global scale.”
Vegetation Recovery 16 Years after Feral Pig Removal from a Wet Hawaiian Forest (2012, background): “Nonnative feral pigs (Sus scrofa; wild boar) have a considerable impact on forest ecosystems globally (Campbell & Long 2009, Siemann et al. 2009, Spear & Chown 2009).”
Animal Translocations: What are they and why do we do them? (2012, unknown): “Ungulate introductions have taken place in well over 50 countries, with the USA and South Africa having the highest numbers of introduced ungulates globally (Spear & Chown, 2009a).”