Test speed and other factors affecting the measurements of tree root properties used in soil reinforcement models

By P. Cofie, A. J. Koolen. 2001

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Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests, Iran (2009, background): “Live roots were collected from soil besides trees at a depth of about 30 cm below the soil surface ( Cofie and Koolen 2001 ).”
Mechanical interactions between neighbouring roots during pullout tests (2012, unknown): “Cofie and Koolen (2001) in tensile stress tests found that stresses in beech roots increased between 8 and 20 % for an increase in the rate of elongation from 10 to 400 mm/min.”
Root reinforcement and slope bioengineering stabilization by Spanish Broom ( Spartium junceum L.) (2009, unknown): “…strength test: species, season, age, soil compaction, deformation of roots, soil and root moisture, root preservation, field or lab test, type and size of testing equipment, root clamping procedure, test speed, and rate of elongation (Rienstenberg, 1994; Cofie and Koolen, 2001; Fan and Su, 2008).”